Safety evaluation of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaves in Japanese quail

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate the safety of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. Elaeagnaceae) leaves added in the diet of Japanese quail. Materials and Methods: A total of ninety quail chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed a standard quail chick mash added with or without 2% SBT leaf powder (Group SX), and a standard quail chick mash (Group CX, control) for 21 days. Six animals from each group were randomly sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 day post feeding. Blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological studies.Results: The inclusion of SBT in quail diet did not affect the weekly body weights, clinical signs or mortality among the birds. The serum biochemical parameters like alanine transaminase, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and uric acid values in SBT treated group were found at par with those in the control group. Gross and histopathological studies of various internal organs such as liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, proventriculus, small intestine, bursa and thymus did not reveal any significant lesions in the tissue sections. However, proliferation of lymphoid tissue was a prominent finding noted in different lymphoid organs.Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of seabuckthorn leaf powder at 2% level in the diet of Japanese quail was found to be safe and it can be used as a feed additive

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Not AvailableAsparagus adscendens Roxb. also known as “safed musli” or “shatavari” is a medicinal plant commonly found in South Asian countries. Shatavari is effective for the treatment of gastric ul cers, renal stones, bronchitis, diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, alcohol withdrawal and has reported immunostimulatory effects. In this study, the adjuvant potential of Shatavarin-IV saponin against Staphylococcus aureus bacterin in mice was investigated. Shatavarin-IV was evaluated for its toxicity and immunomodulatory potential against S. aureus bacterin in mice. Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed. Shatavarin-IV was isolated from the fruit extract of Asparagus adscendens. The confirmation of the isolated molecule as Shatavarin-IV was done via TLC-based comparison with the standard molecule. Further, the structure was confirmed by using extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparing the observed data with literature reports. It was found safe up to the dose of 0.1 mg in the mice model. Shatavarin-IV adjuvant elicited IgG and IgG2b responses at the dose of 40 μg against S. aureus bacterin. However, the cell-mediated immune response was lesser as compared with the com mercial Quil-A saponin . We demonstrated that Shatavarin-IV saponin adjuvant produced an optimum humoral immune response against S. aureus bacterin. These results highlight the po tential of Shatavarin-IV as an adjuvant in a combination adjuvant in vaccine formulations for induction of potent immune response.Not Availabl

Shatavarin-IV saponin adjuvant elicits IgG and IgG2b responses against Staphylococcus aureus bacterin in a murine model

Asparagus adscendens Roxb. also known as “safed musli” or “shatavari” is a medicinal plant commonly found in South Asian countries. Shatavari is effective for the treatment of gastric ulcers, renal stones, bronchitis, diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, alcohol withdrawal and has reported immunostimulatory effects. In this study, the adjuvant potential of Shatavarin-IV saponin against Staphylococcus aureus bacterin in mice was investigated. Shatavarin-IV was evaluated for its toxicity and immunomodulatory potential against S. aureus bacterin in mice. Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed. Shatavarin-IV was isolated from the fruit extract of Asparagus adscendens. The confirmation of the isolated molecule as Shatavarin-IV was done via TLC-based comparison with the standard molecule. Further, the structure was confirmed by using extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparing the observed data with literature reports. It was found safe up to the dose of 0.1 mg in the mice model. Shatavarin-IV adjuvant elicited IgG and IgG2b responses at the dose of 40 μg against S. aureus bacterin. However, the cell-mediated immune response was lesser as compared with the commercial Quil-A saponin . We demonstrated that Shatavarin-IV saponin adjuvant produced an optimum humoral immune response against S. aureus bacterin. These results highlight the potential of Shatavarin-IV as an adjuvant in a combination adjuvant in vaccine formulations for induction of potent immune response

Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of Artemisia nilagirica leaf extract on E. coli challenged broiler chicken

Artemisia nilagirica is an important medicinal plant found to exhibit several medicinal properties but the use of its leaves for combating E. coli infection has not been scientifically validated in poultry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of methanol leaf extract of A. nilagirica (ANE) on E. coli challenged broiler chickens. Three hundred and thirty, day-old broiler chickens, were divided into 6 groups of 55 each, with group EX infected intraperitoneally (I/P) with LD50 dose of 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli; group(s) EA1, EA2 and EA3 infected I/P with 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli and supplemented with ANE @ 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/L of drinking water, respectively; group AX were only given ANE @ 2.0 g/L in the drinking water. ANE treatment was started from day 4 and was continuously given in the drinking water up to day 21. E. coli infection was given to the birds on day 7 of their age. The effect of the plant extract was evaluated on the basis of gross, microscopic and ultrastructural alterations in E. coli challenged broiler chickens. The extract of A. nilagirica was found to show antibacterial, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties in a dose-dependent manner on the basis of gross and microscopic examination. The methanol extract of A. nilagirica leaves revealed no toxic effect on the hepatocytes on ultrastructural evaluation. This study demonstrates the antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities of ANE in broiler chickens infected with E. coli organism