Crystal growth and magnetic behavior of J_eff = 1/2 quantum antiferromagnet CeCl_3

We have grown high-quality single crystals of CeCl_3 using a modified Bridgman Stockbarger method in an infrared image furnace. These crystals are characterized using single-crystal x-ray diffraction, Laue x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity probes. CeCl_3 crystallizes with a trigonal crystal structure (space group P-3, number 147). The crystal field split J = 5/2 manifold of Ce ion in CeCl_3 has an effective spin 1/2 Kramers doublet ground. The exchange coupling between the Ce moments is rather weak (Weiss temperature = 0.2 K). The magnetic susceptibility shows a broad peak centred around 50 K due to the crystal field splitting. The magnetic specific heat shows a Schottky anomaly around 30 K due to the excited crystal field doublets located near 55 K and 155 K. The Raman spectra at 300 K exhibit five, clearly resolvable, modes at 106.8, 181.2, 189, 213, and 219.7 wavenumbers.Comment: Seven figure

ENHANCEMENT OF VOLTAGE PROFILE IN TRANSMISSION LINE USING DSTATCOM AND DVR

In this paper, a STATCOM and DVR  are used to mitigate power quality issues in power system (Transmission Line), STATCOM and DVR  both are used in transmission line simultaneously for enhancement of  Voltage quality in Transmission Line Voltage related issues sags and swells are the by-products of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical faults of the electrical power system(Transmission Line ). The excessive reactive power demand in the line degrades the voltage magnitude from its specified limit.  Power quality has become a crucial factor today due to the wide application of power electronics-based equipment. Day by day, power electronics-based devices are widely used in industries and distribution areas and create more power quality problems. The quality of the power is defective for certain reasons. This power quality improvement is seen, e.g., as sag, swell, overvoltages, Undervoltage, and harmonics. Conventional equipment for enhancement of power quality is becoming inadequate