Effects of prior exposure to animate objects on approach tendency in chicks

Earlier research has shown that brief amounts of social stimulation prior to testing results in an increased tendency in chicks to approach and follow a novel object. Those studies could not, however, distinguish between the effects of viewing animate objects and the effects of simple activation due to disturbances in the subjects' rearing situations. The current study manipulated the effects of environmental novelty and exposure to objects independently. It was found that exposure to a novel environment prior to testing produced evidence for activation. Exposure to objects during pronounced changes in the rearing condition reduced latency to approach a novel object in a later test, but exposure to a novel environment without exposure to objects, or exposure to objects under conditions of low environmental novelty, did not produce such a reduction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33875/1/0000136.pd

Rates of distress vocalizations in naive domestic chicks as an index of approach tendency to an imprinting stimulus

Naive chicks were exposed to an imprinting target, consisting of a bank of miniature flashing lights, under normal (100[deg]F) and reduced temperatures (75 and 57[deg]F). It was found that cold reliably evoked distress calls and that the cyclic presentations of the target substantially reduced distress calling when the target was present, relative to when it was absent. When later tested for approach tendencies to the target, clear differences between temperature groups did not emerge. Evidence was obtained, however, that chicks that showed the greatest reduction in distress calling in response to the presentation of the target under the cold conditions showed significantly greater approach tendencies in the subsequent tests.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33786/1/0000041.pd

Systemic therapy for cervical cancer with potentially regulatable oncolytic adenoviruses

Peer reviewe

Effects Of Prenatal Exposure To Auditory And Visual Stimuli On Social Responses In Chicks.

PhDExperimentsPsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/187806/2/7311236.pd

Labels and the Treatment of Animals: Archival and Experimental Cases

The proposition that sheer labels or categories are important in people\u27s reactions to the treatment of animals was supported by evidence from two sources. First, print archives showed that in the real world animals with a great deal in common such as (a) dolphins and tuna in the same nets; (b) cats and dogs, and pigs and goats in the same laboratories; and (c) native and feral species in the same parks are viewed or treated quite differently by humans. Second, original experiments were conducted wherein some hypothetical maltreatment of animals was held constant, but the animal label was varied over different respondents. Depending on the fictional maltreatment (hooking, shooting) and label (dog, cat, bird, fish, pig, goat) men and women respondents showed strong and systematic patterns of more or less tolerance for such treatment

Affiliation and social discrimination produced by brief exposure in day-old domestic chicks

Discrimination between individual strangers and companions was examined in day-old domestic chicks. In one experiment, pecking rates at companions and strangers were observed in pairwise bouts after 16 hr of cohabitation. The discriminability of strangers and companions was varied by means of pre-hatch colouring. Reliable discriminations between individual strangers and companions emerged as early as the first minute of the encounter. Discriminative cues provided by artificial colouring were found not to be necessary in establishing social discrimination. In a second experiment, undyed chicks were housed in pairs for 1, 4 or 16 hr. Half of the pairs lived in cages that separated companions by a wire screen, and half were housed in undivided cages. Observations of pecking in four-way bouts confirmed previous findings and demonstrated that the opportunity to peck during exposure may be a necessary condition in producing social discrimination. Antecedent conditions that lead to the development of affiliative bonds simultaneously appear to establish social discrimination.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22130/1/0000559.pd