Molecular encapsulation of amodiaquine in 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin cavity. Characterization and its in vitro cytotoxicity

<p>Amodiaquine has been used widely as an antimalarial drug. Amodiaquine is a mannich base 4-amino quinolone with a mode of action similar to that of chloroquine. The inclusion complex of amodiaquine with 2-(hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin in solution phase is studied from the ground and excited state with absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, respectively. A binding constant and stoichiometric ratio between amodiaquine and 2-(hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin are calculated by the use of Benesi–Hildebrand equation. The solid complexes are prepared by physical, kneading and coprecipitation methods. The solid complexes are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectral analysis, Differential scanning calorimetric curves and powder X-ray diffraction patterns. The anticancer activity was tested for pure amodiaquine and their complex with 2-(hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin against MDA MB 231 cell line. It clearly showed that a significant improvement of anticancer activity of amodiaquine when forming a complex with 2-(hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin.</p

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted phytomolecules extraction from moringa leaves (<i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam) using response surface methodology

The rising interest in bioactive phyto-compounds, known for their antioxidant, phenolic, and flavonoid properties, has focused attention on Moringa oleifera. With its abundant phyto-molecules, Moringa is a promising source for biomolecule extraction. As a significant vegetable crop, Moringa provides ample nutrients that can be efficiently extracted using novel methodologies. This study aims to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction from Moringa leaves, considering diverse parameter combinations for improved yield and quality. Ultrasound-assisted extraction, a notable advancement, considers parameters like amplitude, temperature, and extraction time. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with 20 simulated runs, this investigation assessed extraction yield, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA). The optimized technique yielded an extraction yield of 12.78-23.28%, TPC of 100.12-149.22 mg GAE/g, TFC of 14.43-20.19 mg QE/g, and RSA of 58.87-85.08%. Increased amplitude power, higher extraction temperature, and shorter extraction time contributed to enhanced biomolecule extraction. GC-MS profiling identified various bioactive compounds in the Moringa leaf extracts, showcasing potential applications in nutraceutical industries.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Application of photoelectrochemical oxidation of wastewater used in the cooling tower water and its influence on microbial corrosion.docx

BackgroundCooling towers are specialized heat exchanger devices in which air and water interact closely to cool the water's temperature. However, the cooling water contains organic nutrients that can cause microbial corrosion (MC) on the metal surfaces of the tower. This research explores the combined wastewater treatment approach using electrochemical-oxidation (EO), photo-oxidation (PO), and photoelectrochemical oxidation (PEO) to contain pollutants and prevent MC.MethodsThe study employed electro-oxidation, a process involving direct current (DC) power supply, to degrade wastewater. MC studies were conducted using weight loss assessments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD).ResultsAfter wastewater is subjected to electro-oxidation for 4 h, a notable decrease in pollutants was observed, with degradation efficiencies of 71, 75, and 96%, respectively. In the wastewater treated by PEO, microbial growth is restricted as the chemical oxygen demand decreases.DiscussionA metagenomics study revealed that bacteria present in the cooling tower water consists of 12% of Nitrospira genus and 22% of Fusobacterium genus. Conclusively, PEO serves as an effective method for treating wastewater, inhibiting microbial growth, degrading pollutants, and protecting metal from biocorrosion.</p