Use of GIS and GPS in Construction Management and Infrastructure Projects: A Review

As we know this is the era of technology and information technology. Information technology is taking place in every sector. In past few decades many software and technologies were arrived which are very helpful to analysis, designing, planning and executing of work. Every sector is improving day by day by implementation of information technology. Construction sector is major sector in developing countries. Information technology, robotics and advanced software are taking place in construction industry. These advancements are improving the quality of work, proper execution of work, project management and deep planning of project. A space technology is very helpful to engineering sectors such as Mining, Land explorations, Watershed management, Forecasting and topographical survey. Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the space technologies which is combination of satellite which is very useful now a days for exploring many fields of science and technology. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a program which is work based on thinking machine like computer, super computer and laptop. GIS is prepared for various functions like to capture, analyze, interpret and store data. Data has been transmitted from navigation systems such as GPS. After management of data at different level it make the information available for users and use. GIS is very helpful in City planning, Zoning, Transportation system planning, Land use, Building modeling, Mapping, Survey, Facility management, Infrastructure planning etc. Now a day use of GIS with building planning and modeling software is trending which is very effective for construction management and infrastructure. For smart city planning in India many GIS application are used which may leads to proper planning of city. The study shows a how GIS and GPS works in construction industry as well as in civil engineering and application of GIS GPS in Construction management and infrastructure projects were discussed

Laser Based Vibration Sensor Through Mobile

Machine condition monitoring has gained momentum over the years and becoming an essential component in the today’s industrial units. A cost-effective machine condition monitoring system is need of the hour for predictive maintenance. The paper presents the design and implementation using vibration sensor, and also this system operated through smart phones. Vibration analysis plays a major role in detecting machine defects and developing flaws before the equipment fails and potentially damages. The concept of this project was to detect faulty equipment in industry machine so that before damaging the whole machine faulty equipment can be replace and improve the durability of machine

Optimization of Turning Process Parameters for Their Effect on En 8 Material Work piece Hardness by Using Taguchi Parametric Optimization Method

A common method to manufacture parts to a specific dimension involves the removal of excess material by machining operation with the help of cutting tool. Turning process is the one of the methods to remove material from cylindrical and non-cylindrical parts. In this work the relation between change in hardness caused on the material surface due the turning operation with respect to different machining parameters like spindle speed, feed and depth of cut have been investigated. Taguchi method has been used to plan the experiments and EN 8 metal selected as a work piece and coated carbide tool as a tool material in this work and hardness after turning has been measured on Rockwell scale. The obtained experimental data has been analyzed using signal to noise and. The main effects have been calculated and percentage contribution of various process parameters affecting hardness also determined

Pre-operative Hypoglycemia in Patients Presenting for Surgery: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Peri-operative glycemic control is an important factor for post-operative recovery and is well protocoled for diabetic patients in every setup. It is not always so with non-diabetic patients. This study aimed to observe the pre-operative glucose level and prevalence of hypoglycemia in patients presenting for surgery and its association with the duration of nil per oral period (NPO), age and intravenous fluids used in the pre-operative period. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology in a Nepalese medical college including all the patients posted for elective surgery over a period of three months. Socio-demographic and clinical details of the participants were collected in the operating theatre. Duration of  NPO period and intravenous fluid prescribed in the pre-operative fasting period were recorded. A glucose strip test was performed on all the participants. Results: Participants were found to have fasted for an unnecessarily longer duration (12.84±2.27 hours). The incidence of hypoglycemia in patients posted for elective surgery was very high (43.3%). Ringer lactate and normal saline were equally prescribed (38.4%) and dextrose-normal saline was prescribed in the rest of the participants. Gender and type of intravenous fluids were positively correlated whereas NPO period was negatively correlated in overall participants though statistically insignificant. In hypoglycemic participants, we observed that lower glucose was influenced by pre-operative fluids, age and NPO duration. Conclusion: Pre-operative use of glucose-containing fluids during NPO period is an important step to prevent hypoglycemia and related consequences

Room temperature reversible colossal volto-magnetic effect in all-oxide metallicmagnet/topotactic-phase-transition material heterostructures

Multiferroic materials have undergone extensive research in the past two decades in an effort to produce a sizable room-temperature magneto-electric (ME) effect in either exclusive or composite materials for use in a variety of electronic or spintronic devices. These studies have looked into the ME effect by switching the electric polarization by the magnetic field or switching the magnetism by the electric field. Here, an innovative way is developed to knot the functional properties based on the tremendous modulation of electronics and magnetization by the electric field of the topotactic phase transitions (TPT) in heterostructures composed of metallic-magnet/TPT-material. It is divulged that application of a nominal potential difference of 2-3 Volts induces gigantic changes in magnetization by 100-250% leading to colossal Voltomagnetic effect, which would be tremendously beneficial for low-power consumption applications in spintronics. Switching electronics and magnetism by inducing TPT through applying an electric field requires much less energy, making such TPT-based systems promising for energy-efficient memory and logic applications as well as opening a plethora of tremendous opportunities for applications in different domains

Depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate health sciences students during COVID-19 pandemic in a low resource setting : a cross-sectional survey from Nepal

Background: Mental health is an important issue for students during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty. Students suffer from mental health issues due to delayed academic years and prolong stay at home during the lockdown. This study aimed to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate health sciences students of different medical institutions in Nepal. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 493 health sciences students between 14 July and 16 August 2020. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of mental health outcomes. Results: Overall, 50.5, 52.5, and 44.6% of students had symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Significantly higher odds of experiencing stress symptoms [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.166; 95% CI: 1.075-4.363] were found with the participants whose relatives were infected with COVID-19. Participants with age less than or equal to 21 years among undergraduate health sciences students were significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing symptoms of stress (AOR: 1.626; 95% CI: 1.110-2.383) and anxiety (AOR: 1.6251; 95% CI: 1.110-2.379) in comparison with age above 21. Staying in quarantine was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms (AOR: 2.175; 95% CI: 1.142-4.143). Participants who had internet facilities at the residence had less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who are lacking internet services (AOR: 0.420; 95% CI: 0.195-0.905). Conclusions: Staying in quarantine had higher odds of having depression and students who had internet facilities had lower odds of having depression. While staying in quarantine or isolation, it would be better to provide things to engage like the internet. A focus on improving the mental well-being of health sciences students should be initiated immediately after such a pandemic and lockdown.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance to major pathotype-isolates of pearl millet downy mildew pathogen

Downy mildew (DM) caused by Sclerospora graminicola is the most devastating disease of pearl millet. It may lead to annual grain yield losses of up to ~80% and substantial deterioration of forage quality and production. The present study reports construction of the linkage map integrating simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, for detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated withDMresistance in pearl millet. Amapping population comprising of 187 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross (ICMB 89111-P6 × ICMB 90111-P6). The RILs were evaluated for disease reaction at a juvenile stage in the greenhouse trials. Genotyping data was generated from 88 SSR markers on RILs and used to construct genetic linkage map comprising of 53 loci on seven linkage groups (LGs) spanning a total length of 903.8 cM with an average adjacent marker distance of 18.1 cM. Linkage group 1 (LG1; 241.1 cM) was found to be longest and LG3 the shortest (23.0 cM) in length. The constructed linkage map was used to detect five large effect QTLs for resistance to three different pathotype-isolates of S. graminicola from Gujarat (Sg445), Haryana (Sg519) and Rajasthan (Sg526) states of India. One QTL was detected for isolate Sg445 resistance, and two each for Sg519 and Sg526 resistance on LG4 with LOD scores ranging from 5.1 to 16.0, explaining a wide range (16.7% to 78.0%) of the phenotypic variation (R2). All the five co-localized QTLs on LG4 associated with the DM resistance to the three pathotype-isolates were contributed by the resistant parent ICMB 90111-P6. The QTLs reported here may be useful for the breeding programs aiming to develop DM resistant pearl millet cultivars with other desirable traits using genomic selection (GS) approaches

High risk of tuberculosis during infliximab therapy despite tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients in India

Background/Aims The data on the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation with infliximab (IFX) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from TB endemic countries, like India, is limited. The risk of TB reactivation on IFX and its predictors in patients with IBD was assessed. Methods This retrospective review included consecutive patients with IBD who received IFX, and were on follow-up from January 2005 to November 2017. The data was recorded on age/disease duration, indications for IFX, screening for latent tuberculosis (LTB) before IFX, response to IFX, incidence and duration when TB developed after IFX, and type of TB (pulmonary [PTB]/extra-pulmonary [EPTB]/disseminated). Results Of 69 patients (22 ulcerative colitis/47 Crohn’s disease; mean age, 35.6±14.5 years; 50.7% males; median follow-up duration after IFX, 19 months [interquartile range, 5.5–48.7 months]), primary non-response at 8 weeks and secondary loss of response at 26 and 52 weeks were seen in 14.5%, 6% and 15% patients respectively. Prior to IFX, all patients were screened for LTB, 8 (11.6%) developed active TB (disseminated, 62.5%; EPTB, 25%; PTB, 12.5%) after a median of 19 weeks (interquartile range, 14.0–84.5 weeks) of IFX. Of these 8 patients’ none had LTB, even when 7 of 8 were additionally screened with contrast-enhanced chest tomography. Though not statistically significant, more patients with Crohn’s disease than ulcerative colitis (14.9% vs. 4.5%, P=0.21), and those with past history of TB (25% vs. 9.8%, P=0.21), developed TB. Age, gender, disease duration, or extraintestinal manifestations could not predict TB reactivation. Conclusions There is an extremely high rate of TB with IFX in Indian patients with IBD. Current screening techniques are ineffective and it is difficult to predict TB after IFX