Heterogenity of the Spawning Populations of Surf Smelt in the State of Washington

Biometric comparisons of three spawning populations of surf smelt, one from Pacific Coast and two from Puget Sound, were made. The Puget Sound populations (Hood Canal and Utsaladdy) were more similar to each other compared to the ocean populations. The Hood Canal and Utsaladdy smelt exhibited least distance function, D^2 , and greater overlap of meristic characters compared to the Lapush fish. It was postulated that the Puget Sound smelt populations were derived from the ocean smelt some 13,000 or more years ago

Maturation, Spawning Period, and Fecundity of the White Crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, in Beaver Reservoir, Arkansas

Gonosomatic indices and ovum diameter frequency distributions showed that the Beaver Reservoir white crappie spawns from late April through May. During the spawning season females release eggs more than once. Various stages of ovarian ovum development were described. Sexual maturity was found in 2-year-old females of 197 mm and 3-year-old and older fish. Regression analyses of fecundity on total length, weight and age of white crappie indicated that the fish weight was the best predictor of fecundity

Growth and Production of Golden Shiner, Notemigonous crysoleucas, Under Different Stocking Densities and Feeding Rates

Experiments on the effects of stocking densities and feeding rates on growth and production of golden shiner were conducted under laboratory conditions. The stocking densities were 20, 28 and 36 fry per 60 gal of water. The fish in tanks with 28 fry were fed at 1, 3 and 5% feeding rates and the rest were fed at 5% feeding rate. A 5% feeding rate was found to be essential for good production. The stocking density of 20 fry (400 lb/acre production) with 5% feeding rate yielded better growth in weight and length and better production than the rest of the experimental conditions

Environmental Changes Produced by Cold-Water Outlets from Three Arkansas Reservoirs

Water qualities of two natural streams (Buffalo and Kings Rivers), one new coId-tailwater (Beaver), and two old coId-tailwaters (Norfork and Bull Shoals) in northwestern Arkansas were studied from July 1965 through October 1968. The essential difference between the old cold-tailwaters and natural streams is a change in water quality which allows the development of a new productive ecological environment. Features which typify the old tailwaters are as follows: (1) relatively homioithermal temperatures; (2) stream beds scoured by strong hydoelectric power generation currents; (3) abundant phytoplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates; and (4) absence of warm water game fishes. Environmental factors characterizing natural streams are as follows: (1) high summer temperatures; (2) seasonal and individual current fluctuations at the various stations; (3) a greater variety of benthic macroinvertebrates and ichthyofauna; (4) abundant zooplankters; and (5) a tendency toward an equal distribution of the phyla Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta. By October 1968, the new Beaver coId-tailwater had lost all of its warm-water characteristics but had not developed the biotic features of the old tailwaters