The 3-dimensional thermal analysis for the Keyhole plasma arc welding Technique

The evolution of temperature profiles and weld pool geometry in the course of distinct welding among 2205 duplex stainless steel and A36 low carbon metal the use of keyhole plasma arc welding has been simulated the use of a three dimensional numerical warmness switch and fluid go with the flow model. An adaptive warmth supply is proposed as a heat supply model for acting a non-linear temporary thermal evaluation, based totally on the configuration function of keyhole plasma arc welds. Temperature profiles and solidified weld pool geometry are provided for three welding warmth enter. The reversed bugle form parameters (width of fusion zone at both pinnacle and bottom surfaces) of the weld pool geometry capabilities for a multiple 2205–A36 weld joint are summarized to effectively provide an explanation for the observations. The model become additionally applied to keyhole plasma welding of 6.eight mm thick similar 2205 duplex stainless steel joint for validation. The simulation effects have been compared with independently received experimental statistics and excellent agreements have been obtained

Four Cylinder Four stroke SI Engine

The present paper deals with layout of cylinder & cylinder head with air cooling device for four strokes 4 cylinder SI engine .the main goal of design is to reduce weight to power ratio & will bring about generating excessive specific energy. The authors have proposed initial design cylinder & cylinder head of a horizontally adverse SI engine, which develops 120 BHP and posses the maximum rotational speed of 6000rpm. 4 stroke opposed engine is inherently well balanced due to opposite vicinity of shifting loads and also it presents efficient air cooling. For the necessity of weight diminishment the texture chosen for plan of barrel and chamber head is Aluminum compound that is LM-13. The chamber bore covering the utilization of NIKASIL covering changed into completed to enhance power of barrel with least weight.

III-V photonic crystal wire cavity laser on silicon wafer

A

Phytochemical analysis, biological activities, and GC profiling of extracts of some medicinal plant growing in Nepal

The present study was aimed to determine the antioxidant, α amylase inhibition, and antibacterial activities on ten traditionally used medicinal plant extracts, namely Cyperus rotundus, Citrus medica, Gaultheria fragrantissima, Jasminum humile, Osyris wightiana, Buddleja asiatica, Berberis aristata, Robus ellipticus, Schima wallichii, and Smilax ovalifolia growing in Nepal. The bioactive fraction of J. humile was subjected for GC analysis. The free radical scavenging properties of plant extracts were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and antibacterial activity was performed by the well diffusion method. The antidiabetic activity was assessed α amylase inhibition assay. The chemical compounds were isolated from the active plant fraction by silica column chromatography, and the collected fractions were analyzed by GC and FTIR. The phytochemical analysis showed that plant extracts were rich sources of secondary metabolites. The in vitro antioxidant activity showed IC50 ranging from 30.57±0.02 to 155.65±0.10 µg/mL. The promising antioxidant activity was demonstrated by S. wallichii of IC50 30.57±0.02 µg/mL and J. humile 35.28±0.54 µg/mL, respectively whereas, the S. ovalifolia, exhibited the moderate antioxidant activity of IC50 155.65±0.10 µg/mL. The J. humile showed significant antidiabetic activity of IC50 59.4±23.47 µg/mL. The antidiabetic activities exhibited ranged from IC50 of 77.29±2.05 (S. wallichii to 608.28±71.50 µg/mL (C. rotundus). The R. ellipticus showed maximum ZOI (22 mm) against the Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), whereas J. humile (20 mm), O. wightiana (18 mm), and G. fragrantissima (16 mm) showed moderate antibacterial activity against the S. aureus. The C. rotundus, J. humile, S. ovalifolia, O. wightiana, and B. asiatica showed promising antibacterial activity against E. coli (ATCC 25922) with ZOI 15, 17, 14, 17, and 18 mm respectively. These findings provide partial scientific support for traditional uses of these medicinal plants against diabetes and infectious diseases. Therefore, the J. humile could be a promising source of natural antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds that may be drug candidates for future drug development. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to perform all these biological activities and phytochemical analyses growing in the particular region of Nepal

Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Uremic Toxicities

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous CVD risk factors in CKD patients have been described, but these do not fully explain the high pervasiveness of CVD or increased mortality rates in CKD patients. In CKD the loss of urinary excretory function results in the retention of various substances referred to as “uremic retention solutes”. Many of these molecules have been found to exert toxicity on virtually all organ systems of the human body, leading to the clinical syndrome of uremia. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has been accumulated that suggests that uremic toxins may contribute to an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden associated with CKD. This review examined the evidence from several clinical and experimental studies showing an association between uremic toxins and CVD. Special emphasis is addressed on emerging data linking gut microbiota with the production of uremic toxins and the development of CKD and CVD. The biological toxicity of some uremic toxins on the myocardium and the vasculature and their possible contribution to cardiovascular injury in uremia are also discussed. Finally, various therapeutic interventions that have been applied to effectively reduce uremic toxins in patients with CKD, including dietary modifications, use of prebiotics and/or probiotics, an oral intestinal sorbent that adsorbs uremic toxins and precursors, and innovative dialysis therapies targeting the protein-bound uremic toxins are also highlighted. Future studies are needed to determine whether these novel therapies to reduce or remove uremic toxins will reduce CVD and related cardiovascular events in the long-term in patients with chronic renal failure

Association of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene variants in renal transplant patients with allograft outcome and cyclosporine immunosuppressant levels

T-helper (Th) type 1/Th2 cytokines are key mediators in induction/effecter phases of all immune and inflammatory responses playing role in acute/chronic renal allograft rejection. Association studies lead to identification of patient risk profiles enabling individualization of level of immunosuppressions. We investigated the association of allograft rejection with interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) −308, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (C-del, codon 10 and 25) gene variants in 184 renal transplant recipients and 180 controls. These cytokine genotypes were also evaluated with cyclosporine levels (C2) at one month in 135 stable recipients. High producing genotypes B1B1 of IL-4 and AA of TNF-α α308 showed significant association with rejection of allograft. The dose-adjusted C2 levels were significantly lower in patients with the high producing genotype T/T of IL-2 and heterozygous G/C of TGF-β codon 25 (P = 0.012 and 0.010, respectively). Haplotype frequencies were comparable in subjects for TGF-β codon-10 and 25. Combined inter-gene interaction showed high risk for rejection in recipients with high producing genotype B1B1 of IL-4 and AA of TNF-α and high TNF-α (AA) with low TGF-β (CC or Pro/Pro). In conclusion, association of IL-4 VNTR and TNF-α −308 suggested the involvement of these cytokines contributing to pathogenesis of allograft rejection. Recipients with TT genotype of IL-2 and GC of TGF-β codon 25 having low C2 levels may require higher cyclosporine dosage. Combined analysis of gene-gene interaction demonstrated synergistic effect of cytokines increasing risk for rejection. Thus, this information may help in pre-assessment of allograft outcome and to optimize cyclosporine therapy in post-transplant patients

Effect of Fe on the Martensitic Transition, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties in Ni-Mn-In Melt-spun Ribbons

The effect of Fe on the martensitic transitions, magnetic and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni47Mn40-xFexIn13 ribbons (x = 1, 2, 3 and 5) has been investigated. All the ribbon compositions under study have shown the presence of austenite phase at room temperature. The variation of martensitic transition with the increase in Fe-content is non-monotonic. The thermal hysteresis of the martensitic transition increased with the increase in Fe-content. The martensitic transitions shifted to lower temperatures in the presence of high magnetic fields. A maximum magnetic entropy change (∆SM) of 50 Jkg-1K-1 has been achieved in the Ni47Mn38Fe2In13 (x = 1) ribbon at 282 K for an applied field of 5 T

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND ITS DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF CAESALPINIA BONDUC (L) ROXB SEEDS

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract and its different fractions of Caesalpinia bonduc seeds against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. Methods: Ethanolic extract and its fractions were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and anticancer activity by using in vitro anticancer assay. Chemical constituents of petroleum ether fraction of C. bonduc seeds were identified by using GC-MS and the active compounds were subjected to in silico studies. Results: In vitro anticancer assay showed that the petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc seeds has potential anticancer activity. Conclusions: Petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc seeds has significant anticancer activity. Further in-depth studies, could result in the development of a good anticancer agent from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc