Land Grabbing and Its Impacts on Indigenous Livelihoods: A Study on the Patro Community in Sylhet

This analytical study investigates the process and impacts of land grabbing of Patro indigenous community in Sylhet region of north-eastern part of Bangladesh. The results show that the land of Patro people were being grabbed by a section of influential mainstream people and private organization using different methods, including forged documents and forcibly ousting them from their land. It is also found that land acquisition by the government for its various development projects has made the highest number of Patro families landless. Land grabbing poses a vital threat to the livelihood of Patro peoples. Keywords: Land Grabbing, Indigenous People, and Patro Community

Effects of Globalization on Health Governance in Bangladesh

The paper mainly focuses the adverse impact of globalization on health sector in Bangladesh. Access of the common people to health care has already been difficult due to expensiveness, lack of transparency and good governance in management process, though globalization has expanded the infrastructural and logistic supports of the sectors across the world. In Bangladesh, medicine intake, as if, is a regular having item for the majority of the people – a disease is cured by having one medicine – but another disease is being generated as a result of its side-effects. In addition, medical promotion activities have reached from 500 bed-hospitals to a village medicine vendor that has been made the sector healthy to health business elites. The study mainly aims to explain the adverse influences of globalization on health care system. Besides, specifically it objectifies the corruption and irregularities of medical service focusing the high cost of this facility. The work is an explanatory type of basic study which has been conducted in qualitative approach. Secondary data has been used herein of that sources include the books, journal articles, media report, organizational records, etc. Good governance, proper adjudication activity, commitment of policy makers, skilled human resource management may curb or end the irregularities in Bangladesh health governance

The Significance of Machine Learning in Clinical Disease Diagnosis: A Review

The global need for effective disease diagnosis remains substantial, given the complexities of various disease mechanisms and diverse patient symptoms. To tackle these challenges, researchers, physicians, and patients are turning to machine learning (ML), an artificial intelligence (AI) discipline, to develop solutions. By leveraging sophisticated ML and AI methods, healthcare stakeholders gain enhanced diagnostic and treatment capabilities. However, there is a scarcity of research focused on ML algorithms for enhancing the accuracy and computational efficiency. This research investigates the capacity of machine learning algorithms to improve the transmission of heart rate data in time series healthcare metrics, concentrating particularly on optimizing accuracy and efficiency. By exploring various ML algorithms used in healthcare applications, the review presents the latest trends and approaches in ML-based disease diagnosis (MLBDD). The factors under consideration include the algorithm utilized, the types of diseases targeted, the data types employed, the applications, and the evaluation metrics. This review aims to shed light on the prospects of ML in healthcare, particularly in disease diagnosis. By analyzing the current literature, the study provides insights into state-of-the-art methodologies and their performance metrics.Comment: 8 page

Progression and Challenges of IoT in Healthcare: A Short Review

Smart healthcare, an integral element of connected living, plays a pivotal role in fulfilling a fundamental human need. The burgeoning field of smart healthcare is poised to generate substantial revenue in the foreseeable future. Its multifaceted framework encompasses vital components such as the Internet of Things (IoT), medical sensors, artificial intelligence (AI), edge and cloud computing, as well as next-generation wireless communication technologies. Many research papers discuss smart healthcare and healthcare more broadly. Numerous nations have strategically deployed the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) alongside other measures to combat the propagation of COVID-19. This combined effort has not only enhanced the safety of frontline healthcare workers but has also augmented the overall efficacy in managing the pandemic, subsequently reducing its impact on human lives and mortality rates. Remarkable strides have been made in both applications and technology within the IoMT domain. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that this technological advancement has introduced certain challenges, particularly in the realm of security. The rapid and extensive adoption of IoMT worldwide has magnified issues related to security and privacy. These encompass a spectrum of concerns, ranging from replay attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, impersonation, privileged insider threats, remote hijacking, password guessing, and denial of service (DoS) attacks, to malware incursions. In this comprehensive review, we undertake a comparative analysis of existing strategies designed for the detection and prevention of malware in IoT environments.Comment: 7 page

Assessment of lead augmented vector left (aVL on surface electrocardiogram) for confirming atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

Background: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) stands as one of the most common forms of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), encompassing a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the assessment of lead aVL (surface ECG) for confirming AVNRT. Methods: This was a prospective observational study and was conducted at the Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from February 2019 to January 2020. Results: In our study 41 patients (66.1%) had AVNRT and 21 patients (33.9%) had AVRT on the final evaluation. Total 33.9% of patients had aVL notch on ECG. Among patients who had AVNRT, 46.3% had an aVL notch and among patients who had AVRT, 9.5% had an aVL notch on ECG. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.004). Among 21 patients who had aVL notch on ECG, 6 (31.6%) male patients had AVNRT, 13 (64.8%) female patients had AVNRT, 1 (50%) male patients had AVRT and 1 (50%) female patient had AVRT. Conclusions: In conclusion, the interpretation of electrocardiographic criteria, including the aVL notch, plays a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis of AVNRT and guiding therapeutic interventions

Directing Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide Photoluminescence using a Bent Plasmonic Nanowire on a Mirror Cavity

Designing directional optical antennas without compromising the field enhancement requires specially designed optical cavities. Herein, we report on the experimental observations of directional photoluminescence emission from a monolayer Tungsten Disulfide using a bent-plasmonic nanowire on a mirror cavity. The geometry provides field enhancement and directivity to photoluminescence by sandwiching the monolayer between an extended cavity formed by dropcasting bent silver nanowire and a gold mirror. We image the photoluminescence emission wavevectors by using the Fourier plane imaging technique. The cavity out-couples the emission in a narrow range of wavevectors with a radial and azimuthal spreading of only 11.0{\deg} and 25.1{\deg}, respectively. Furthermore, we performed three dimensional finite difference time domain based numerical calculations to corroborate and understand the experimental results. We envisage that the results presented here will be readily harnessed for on-chip coupling applications and in designing inelastic optical antennas

Comparison of American orthopedic foot and ankle society score between anterior to posterior lag screws versus posterior buttress plating for posterior malleolus fixation in tri-malleolar ankle fracture

Background: Posterior malleolar fractures are frequent, occurring in up to 44% of all ankle fractures. Surgical management typically involves anterior to posterior (AP) lag screws or posterior buttress plates. This study aimed to compare the AOFAS (American orthopedic foot and ankle society) score between AP lag screw and posterior buttress plating for posterior malleolus fixation in tri-malleolar ankle fracture. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the department of orthopedics and traumatology, Chittagong medical college hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh, from November 2020 to October 2021. It involved 28 patients with ankle fractures, equally divided into two groups. Group A received AP lag screw fixation, and group B underwent posterior buttress plating. Data analysis was performed using MS office tools and SPSS version 23.0. Results: The posterior plating group demonstrated superior postoperative AOFAS scores compared with the AP screw group with statistically significant differences (88 versus 81, p=0.008).  Significant differences were noted in the AOFAS pain score (p=0.045) and function score (p=0.019) at the final follow-up between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with tri-malleolar ankle fractures in whom the posterior malleolus is treated with posterior buttress plating show superior postoperative AOFAS scores at follow-up compared to those treated with AP screws

Mirror-Coupled Microsphere can narrow the Angular distribution of Photoluminescence from WS2 Monolayers

Engineering optical emission from two dimensional, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials such as Tungsten disulphide (WS2) has implications in creating and understanding nanophotonic sources. One of the challenges in controlling the optical emission from 2D materials is to achieve narrow angular spread using a simple photonic geometry. In this paper, we study how the photoluminescence of a monolayer WS2 can be controlled when coupled to film coupled microsphere dielectric antenna. Specifically, by employing Fourier plane microscopy and spectroscopic techniques, we quantify the wavevector distribution in the momentum space. As a result, we show beaming of the WS2 photoluminescence with angular divergence of {\theta}1/2 = 4.6{\deg}. Furthermore, the experimental measurements have been supported by three-dimensional numerical simulations. We envisage that the discussed results can be generalized to a variety of nanophotonic 2D materials, and can be harnessed in nonlinear and quantum technology

Directional emission from WS2 monolayer coupled to plasmonic Nanowire-on-Mirror Cavity

Influencing spectral and directional features of exciton emission characteristics from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides by coupling it to plasmonic nano-cavities has emerged as an important prospect in nanophotonics of 2D materials. In this paper we experimentally study the directional photoluminescence emission from Tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer sandwiched between a single-crystalline plasmonic silver nanowire (AgNW) waveguide and a gold (Au) mirror, thus forming an AgNW-WS2-Au cavity. By employing polarization-resolved Fourier plane optical microscopy, we quantify the directional emission characteristics from the distal end of the AgNW-WS2-Au cavity. Given that our geometry simultaneously facilitates local field enhancement and waveguiding capability, we envisage its utility in 2D material-based, on-chip nanophotonic signal processing, including nonlinear and quantum optical regimes.Comment: To appear in Advanced Photonics Research (2021