Effect of Life Skill Training on Self -Esteem of High School Students in Iran

The present study was an attempt to study effect of life skill training on self -esteem of high school students in Iran. For this purpose initially five high schools were selected randomly. Then from each school 30 students were selected whom the authorities of schools felt had some problems. Thereafter, self-esteem questionnaires were administered to all these 150 female students. Finally, 60 students were selected 12 from each school that was having low self-esteem, Therefore, total sample of the present study comprised sixty (60) female students. Then, they were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Each group had 30 subjects the experimental group was given Life skill training for 10 days, while the control group was not given such training. The Self-esteem of the experimental group were measured before and after Life skill training, while the Self-esteem, of the control group were measured twice but without Life Skill training. Self –esteem was measured by using Coppersmith’s self-esteem inventory (1981). It was found that there was a significant difference between pre and post condition on all the dimensions of self-esteem, i.e., General, Social, School academic and Home parent self-esteem. On all the dimensions, subjects of the experimental group scored higher in post condition than pre condition. In other words, life skill training was effective in increasing self-esteem

Effect of Life Skill Training on Self -Esteem of High School Students in Iran

The present study was an attempt to study effect of life skill training on self -esteem of high school students in Iran. For this purpose initially five high schools were selected randomly. Then from each school 30 students were selected whom the authorities of schools felt had some problems. Thereafter, self-esteem questionnaires were administered to all these 150 female students. Finally, 60 students were selected 12 from each school that was having low self-esteem, Therefore, total sample of the present study comprised sixty (60) female students. Then, they were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Each group had 30 subjects the experimental group was given Life skill training for 10 days, while the control group was not given such training. The Self-esteem of the experimental group were measured before and after Life skill training, while the Self-esteem, of the control group were measured twice but without Life Skill training. Self –esteem was measured by using Coppersmith’s self-esteem inventory (1981). It was found that there was a significant difference between pre and post condition on all the dimensions of self-esteem, i.e., General, Social, School academic and Home parent self-esteem. On all the dimensions, subjects of the experimental group scored higher in post condition than pre condition. In other words, life skill training was effective in increasing self-esteem

The impact of authoritative, permissive and authoritarian behavior of parents on self-concept, psychological health and life quality

The current study compared the effect of parenting style on self-concept, psychological health and quality of life  of children with authoritative, permissive and authoritarian parents. In order to do this, parenting style questionnaire  was first given to 180 parents of high school students in Iran. Then, based on this questionnaire, the parents were divided into authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. Following this, 30 children from authoritarian, 29 from permissive and 32 children from authoritative parents were selected. Then, the general health questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire were administrated on these subjects after taking their consent. One way ANOVA, multiple comparisons of means and correlations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant impact of parenting style on mental health. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better mental health than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. In addition, there was a significant impact of parenting style on self-esteem. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better self-esteem than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Finally, there was a significant impact of parenting style on quality of life. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better quality of life than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles.

The impact of authoritative, permissive and authoritarian behavior of parents on self-concept, psychological health and life quality

The current study compared the effect of parenting style on self-concept, psychological health and quality of life  of children with authoritative, permissive and authoritarian parents. In order to do this, parenting style questionnaire  was first given to 180 parents of high school students in Iran. Then, based on this questionnaire, the parents were divided into authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. Following this, 30 children from authoritarian, 29 from permissive and 32 children from authoritative parents were selected. Then, the general health questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire were administrated on these subjects after taking their consent. One way ANOVA, multiple comparisons of means and correlations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant impact of parenting style on mental health. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better mental health than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. In addition, there was a significant impact of parenting style on self-esteem. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better self-esteem than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Finally, there was a significant impact of parenting style on quality of life. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better quality of life than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-II with production traits in breeder hens of Mazandaran native fowls breeding station

The purpose of this study was to detect the polymorphism in IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-II marker loci and their association with body weight at 8 weeks, average egg weight and total number of eggs laid during first 12 weeks after flocks maturity in breeder hens of native fowls. Blood samples were collected randomly from 160 individuals and genomic DNA was extracted using modified salting out method. A set of specific primer pairs were used for amplification of target genomic DNA at each marker loci and polymorphisms were detected using PCR-RFLP method. For IGF-I and IGFBP-II marker loci, allele B was the most frequent allele and ranged from 0.61 to 0.63 while, allele A was identified as a dominant allele in IGF-I marker site due to the highest frequency (0.57). The frequency of AA homozygous genotype was the lowest among all marker loci (0.08), whereas, AB genotype showed the highest frequency (0.61). Analysis of phenotypic data showed that the average egg weight and total number of eggs laid during first 12 weeks after flocks maturity were significantly affected by IGF-II and IGF-I marker loci respectively. No significant associations were observed between IGFBP-II genotypes and production traits. Comparison between detected alleles in the present study with reported allele by other research groups revealed a new allelic pattern for the analyzed marker loci in breeder hens of Mazandaran native fowls breeding station

Avoidable Mortality Differences between Rural and Urban Residents During 2004–2011: A Case Study in Iran

Background: Avoidable mortality as an indicator for assessing the health system performance has caught the attention of researchers for a long time. In this study we aimed to compare the health system performance using this indicator in rural and urban areas of one of Iran’s southern provinces. Methods: All deaths (29916) which happened during 2004–2011 in Bushehr province were assessed. Nolte and McKee’s avoidable deaths model was used to distinguish avoidable and unavoidable conditions. Accordingly, all deaths were classified into four categories including three avoidable death categories and one unavoidable death category. STATA software was used to conduct Poisson Regression Test and age-standardized death rate. Results: Findings showed that avoidable mortality rates declined in both urban and rural areas at 3.33% per year, but decline rates were influenced by Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) and preventable death categories to treatable death category. Annual decline rate for IHD category in rural and urban areas was nearly the same as 8%, but in preventable death category, rural areas experienced more decreases than urban ones (7% vs 5% respectively). However, decline rate in treatable mortality neither in urban and nor in rural areas was statistically significant. Conclusion: Despite the annual decline in the rate of avoidable deaths, policy making initiatives especially screening and inter-sectoral measures targeting cause of deaths such as colon and breast cancers, hypertension, lung cancer and traffic accidents, can still further decrease avoidable deaths in both areas

Suplementacija kreatinom mijenja hormonalnu reakciju organizma na vježbe s opterećenjem

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of short-term creatine supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise. 27 trained men were randomly divided into a creatine supplementation group [the CR group (n=15), taking 4×5 g creatine monohydrate/day] or a placebo supplementation group [the PL group (n=12), taking 4×7.5 g maltodextrin/day]. A double-blind research design was employed for a 7-day supplementation period. After this period, the participants performed exercise testing. Blood tests occurred on day 1 prior to supplementation loading (1Pre) and after this period [on the exercise testing day: pre-exercise (Pre), immediately post-exercise (IP), and 15 (15P) and 30 (30P) minutes post-exercise] for the measurement of the serum growth hormone and testosterone concentrations. Significant differences in the number of repetitions and volume were seen with CR (7.2±1.3 repetitions, 1560±386 kg) compared to PL (5.6±2 repetitions, 1089±341 kg) at set 5 of the exercise protocol (p=.01). Serum growth hormone and testosterone were significantly higher at 15P in CR (6.1±1.8 ng/ml, 70.1±19 pmol/L) compared to PL (4.1±1.7 ng/ml, 44.8±16 pmol/L) [(p=.02), (p=.01)]. The enhanced exercise performance resulted in a significantly greater increase in both the growth hormone and testosterone concentrations, indicating an augmented anabolic hormone response to creatine supplementation.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj kratkotrajne suplementacije kreatinom na hormonsku reakciju organizma kod vježbi s opterećenjem. 27 treniranih muškaraca nasumično su podijeljeni u grupu koja je uzimala kreatin [CR skupina (n=15), 4×5 g kreatin monohidrata po danu] ili u placebo skupinu [PL grupa (n=12), 4×7.5 g maltodextrina po danu]. Dvostruka anonimna metoda istraživanja bila je korištena pri realizaciji sedmodnevnog suplementacijskog perioda. Nakon perioda suplementacije, provedena su finalna testiranja. Testiranje krvnih uzoraka provedeno je prvog dana eksperimenta neposredno prije suplementacije (1Pre) i nakon eksperimentalnog perioda [na dan finalnih testiranja: prije izvođenja vježbi s opterećenjem (Pre), neposredno nakon izvođenja vježbi s opterećenjem (IP), te 15 (15P) i 30 (30P) minuta nakon izvođenja vježbi s opterećenjem] za mjerenje koncentracije seruma hormona rasta i testosterona. Statistički značajne razlike u broju ponavljanja i veličini ukupnog opterećenja utvrđene su kod CR skupine (7.2±1.3 ponavljanja, 1560±386 kg) u usporedbi s PL skupinom (5.6±2 ponavljanja, 1089±341 kg) kod 5. serije provedenog protokola vježbanja (p=.01). Serumi hormona rasta i testosterona bili su statistički značajno veći u 15P kod CR skupine (6.1±1.8 ng/ml, 70.1±19 pmol/L) u usporedbi s PL skupinom (4.1±1.7 ng/ml, 44.8±16 pmol/L) [(p=.02), (p=.01)]. Bolji rezultati u finalnom testiranju kod CR skupine rezultirali su statistički značajno većom koncentracijom hormona rasta i testosterona u odnosu na PL skupinu, što pokazuje povećanu reakciju anaboličkih hormona na suplementaciju kreatinom

The Impact of Teaching Experience on Iranian EFL Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy and their Perception of English Teacher Distinctive Characteristics

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of teaching experience on their sense of efficacy and beliefs about teachers’ distinctive characteristics. To this end, 135 Iranian EFL teachers completed a validated questionnaire developed by (Borg, 2006) and Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale developed by (Tschannen and Hoy, 2001). The results of MANOVA revealed significant effect of experience on teachers’ sense of efficacy; however, it indicated no significant impact on their beliefs about characteristics that differentiated them from teachers of other subjects. Three sets of characteristics were discovered through interview; “Similarities” (also reported in Borg's study); “Differences” mentioned differently by participants of both studies, and “unique characteristics” only specified by Iranian teachers

Coronary risk factor profile, risk score and survival analysis over a 17 year period in a rural community / Muhamad Rahimi Che Hassan

Cardiovascular disease continues to contribute to the major cause of death and disability worldwide in both developed and developing countries. Reliable data on the changes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor and mortality over a substantial period of time in a rural Malaysian community is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the progression of cardiovascular disease risk factor over a period of 17 years in a rural community. A follow-up study of the 1993 RAUB HEART STUDY was done in 2010. Demographic data and cardiovascular risk factors were measured and verbal autopsy questionnaires were given to the family members of the 45 deceased subjects. The changes of risk factor and survival analysis of the deceased were analysed. Significant increase in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) were observed over the 17 year period. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and obesity also increased from 21.2%, 6.0%, 22.2% and 16.5% to 60.0%, 19.9%, 51.5% and 24.0% respectively. Significant reduction in smoking was seen among women but not men. The survival analysis showed significant difference for hypertension, smoking and FRS in all cause mortality. The cardiovascular risk factors worsen over the 17 year period. This increases the risk of having CVD disease among the follow-up subjects. Hypertension and smoking were a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality. Further understanding of the CVD risk factor in this longitudinal study is essential in determining the effect of a substantial period of time have towards an individual’s cardiovascular disease risk