Effects of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on bone metabolism, muscular strength and immune functions in women

INTRODUCTION: Although combination of physical activity with supplementation has being investigated on its effects in maintaining and enhancing bone health, little is known about the effectiveness of combination of aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation on bone metabolism markers, muscular strength and immune function in women. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on bone metabolism, muscular strength and immune function in women. METHODS: Forty four subjects, healthy sedentary women (25-40 year-old) were age and body mass matched, and subsequently being assigned into four groups with n=11 per group: Control group (C), honey supplementation group (H), aerobic dance exercise group (Ex) and combined aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation group (HEx). Aerobic dance exercise was carried out for one hour per session, three times per week for eight weeks. Honey drink was consumed by H and HEx groups, in a dosage of 20g of honey diluted in 300ml of plain water, for 7 days per week for a total of 8 weeks duration. In HEx group, the subjects were required to consume honey drink 30 minutes before performing exercise on the exercise days. Before and after 8 weeks of experimental period, subjects’ anthropometry, muscular strength and power were measured. Meanwhile, blood samples were taken in order to determine the concentrations of serum total calcium, osteocalcin (bone formation marker), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP) (bone resorption marker), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and immune functions determination through full blood counts and immunophenotyping measurements. RESULTS: The end of 8 weeks of experimental period, combination of aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation (HEx) exhibited more discernable beneficial effects on left and right lower limb peak torque (muscular strength) and power compared to the other three Ex, H and C groups. Regarding bone metabolism, the percentage of increment in 1CTP, a bone resorption marker, and PTH concentrations in HEx group were the lowest compared to the other experimental groups. With regards to immune functions, significant increases in T cytotoxic (CD8) and total B cells (CD19) counts (p<0.05) were observed in HEx group after 8 weeks of experimental period. Additionally, the percentage increase in lymphocyte counts, T helper (CD4), T cytotoxic (CD8) and total B cells (CD19) counts after 8 weeks were the highest in HEx group compared to the other three experimental groups. CONCLUSION: The results of present study suggest that combination of aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation elicited more beneficial effects on bone health, muscular strength and power, and immune functions generally compared to aerobic dance exercise or honey supplementation alone in sedentary women

Effects of low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy on graft incorporation, bone metabolism, pain level and knee functions in individuals with post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

High energy ESWT has potential to accelerate the healing process of anterior cruciate ligament post reconstruction (ACLR). Evidences regarding the effectiveness of low energy ESWT on clinical outcomes among individuals with post ACLR are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different frequencies of low energy ESWT on graft incorporation, bone metabolism, pain level and knee functions in individuals with post ACLR. Thirty participants (aged 20-36 years old) being assigned into three groups, i.e. control group (no shockwave therapy sessions), 3 sessions of shockwave therapy (3ESWT group), and 6 sessions of shockwave therapy (6ESWT group) with 10 participants in each group. All participants underwent a single hamstring autograft ACLR and received a similar rehabilitation programme post-operatively. The ESWT was applied once per week for 3 and 6 consecutive weeks. The energy flux density (EFD) used for 6ESWT and 3ESWT groups was 0.18mJ.mm-2 and 0.09mJ.mm-2 respectively (500 shocks, 1.5 bar). The measured parameters included graft incorporation evaluation, bone metabolism markers, pain score and knee function score. The data were collected 5 times, i.e. before ACLR (baseline), 2-, 9-, 12 weeks and 6 months post ACLR. The number of graft with partial incorporation was significantly higher compared to the number of graft without incorporation in 6ESWT group at 6 months post ACLR (p=0.02). However, no significant differences of number of graft with partial incorporation was found among all the groups. There were no significant differences of serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin concentrations between groups, within group and across the five measurements (p>0.05). Serum CTX1 concentrations were also not significantly different within the 3ESWT and 6ESWT groups across the five measurements (p>0.05). Serum calcium concentrations at 2-, 9- and 12 weeks post ACLR were significantly higher compared to its baseline value (p=0.023, p=0.004 and p=0.001 respectively) in comparison of time for all the groups. The pain score was significantly lower at 6 months compared to week 2 post-operatively in comparison of time for all the groups (p=0.039). All intervention and control groups showed significant improvement in Lysholm scores at 6 months post ACLR compared with baseline (p=0.002 for respective group). Six sessions of ESWT exhibited significant effect to accelerate the graft healing by inducing graft incorporation in tibial tunnel, and increased the serum calcium level at 9- and 12 weeks post-operatively. ESWT did not significantly affect bone formation and bone resorption markers post-operatively

Effects of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on bone metabolism and muscular strength in women

Abstract. Although combination of physical activity with supplementation has being investigated on its effects in maintaining and enhancing bone health, however little is known about the effectiveness of combination of aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on bone metabolism markers and muscular strength in women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation on bone metabolism and muscular strength in women. Forty four subjects. healthy sedentary women (25-40 year-old) were age and weight matched, and subsequently being assigned into four groups with n=ll per group: Control group (C), honey supplementation group (H), aerobic dance exercise group (Ex) and combined aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation group (HEx). Aerobic dance exercise was carried out for one hour per session, three times per week for eight weeks. Honey drink was consumed by H and HEx groups, in a dosage of 20g of honey diluted in 300m! of plain water, for 7 days per week for a total of 8 weeks duration. In HEx group, the subjects were required to consume honey drink 30 minutes before performing exercise on the exercise days. Before and after 8 weeks of experimental period, subjects' right lower limb muscular strength were measured with knee extension and flexion isokinetic peak torque at 180 and 300 degree per second. Meanwhile, blood samples were taken in order to determine the concentrations of serum total calcium, osteocalcin (bone formation marker), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) (bone resorption marker), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). At the end of 8 weeks of experimental period, combination of aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation (HEx) exhibited more discemable beneficial effects on lower limb peak torque compared to the other three Ex, H and C groups. Regarding bone metabolism, the percentage of increment in I CTP, a bone resorption marker, and PTH concentrations in HEx group were the lowest compared to the other experimental groups. The results of present study suggest that combination of aerobic dance exercise and honey supplementation may elicit effects on reducing the increment in bone resorption, and more beneficial effects on lower limb muscular strength compared to aerobic dance exercise or honey supplementation alone in sedentary women

Bone metabolism markers in response to three and six sessions of low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy in individuals with post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Precise information on the effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on biochemical status in humans is still lacking. Hence, this study investigated the effectiveness of three or six sessions of low energy ESWT on serum bone metabolism markers in individuals who have undergone post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Participants with ACL injuries were assigned into three groups (n=10 per group), i.e. physiotherapy alone without ESWT (control), three sessions of ESWT combined with physiotherapy (3ESWT), and six sessions of ESWT combined with physiotherapy (6ESWT) groups. Serum bone metabolism markers, i.e. osteocalcin (OCN), human Cross Linked C-telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen (CTX1), calcium, and phosphorus were measured at weeks 0, 2, 9, 12, and 6 months post ACL reconstruction. Serum OCN and CTX1 concentrations within the 3ESWT and 6ESWT groups across the five measurements were not significantly different. However, serum calcium concentrations at weeks 2, 9, and 12 were significantly higher compared to their respective baseline values for all three groups. Shockwave therapy had no significant effect on bone resorption and formation markers postoperatively. Six sessions of shockwave therapy (6ESWT) elicited the highest serum calcium level at week 12 post-operatively among all the groups. More studies are warranted to substantiate these findings