Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016

TECHNOLOGY Reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion Using Filtered SVPWM in Multiphase Voltage Source Inverters

In recent years, multiphase PWMs have been proposed because of their increased efficiency, reduced torque pulsation, improved fault tolerance, and lower power handling requirement by adopting multiphase machines. In the digital implementation, multiphase reference voltages are sampled and fed into the digital modulator to produce gating signals at a constant clock rate f. This means a finite pulse-width resolution because the gating state transition can only occur at some specific time instants depending on f. This will result in a deviation of produced phase voltages from the desired phase voltages, i.e., increasing harmonic distortion especially for a small modulation index signal. In the present paper a filtered space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) considering finite pulsewidth resolution is proposed to produce a switching sequence with reduced baseband harmonics for multiphase voltage source inverters (VSI). This is achieved by incorporating a pseudo feedback loop regarding weighted voltage difference between desired and produced phase voltages

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Agronomic Management of CRIDA 18RA rainfed experiment was conducted at two contrasting rainfall situations of two different states of South India viz., Hyderabad (Telangana) and Tirupathi (Andhra Pradesh) during 2007-08 to standardize the optimum sowing time, plant densities and fertiliser dose for horsegram variety CRIDA 18R released and recommended for cultivation in South India. Results showed that the second fortnight of August and first fortnight of November were suitable optimum times of sowing in Hyderabad and Tirupathi regions respectively due to receipt of rainfall from South West monsoon and North East monsoon at respective locations. Plant densities of 3.33 lakh per hectare with or without 10N + 20P2O5 fertilizer dose yielded higher seed in both the regions. However when the sowing was delayed, wisest decision might be to continue the plant densities of 3.33 lakh population per hectare with or without fertilizer. The results revealed that CRIDA-18R responded to fertilizer up to 10 N +20 P2O5 kg ha-1 with 3.33 lakh plant density but for the varied optimum time of sowing at two different centers with occurrence of favourable rainfall situations, revealing a very flexible sowing time for CRHG-18R in South India.Not Availabl

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Value Addition to Crop Residues: An Indigenous Resource Conserving and Soil Fertility Enhancing Technology of IndiaA two-year field experitnenl was conductcd luring thc rainy seasons ol' 2004 and 2005 in the farnicrs• fields or Viahbubnagar district in Andhra Pradesh; India, to lest .the practicc ol' caltlc shed bedding with. groundnut (A rachis hypogaca L.) shells by preparing Groundnut Shell' iVianure (GSM) and •its application along with Farmers' practicc (FP) and in cotnparison with, live u•cattncnts nanlely, FP only, FP and GSlNi, FP and coinposti rc2cncrativc (only organics) and Reconuncndcd Dose ol' Fertilizers (RDF), FP and RDF being lhc checks,on rainy season Taint-ed groundnut and castor Ricinus- conununis crops. Thc results indicated that crops receiving GSM and compost perfonncd well during the deficit rainl'all year (2004) as well as during the nortnal rainfall year (2005) and recorded 12-16% hi2her yields or grounclnut and 9-14% highcr -yields in castor over the FP. Duling 2004 which was,a deficit rainfall year, GSM and conipost application cnhanccd soil ,moisture by 14-40%, percentagc of filled poclé by 59 L 65% and 100 seed weight by Il 8% in groundnut while ill castor 6-33% improved soil moisture enhanced cap sulcs per plånL from 45 to 57% without any significant cft•ecl on 100 sccd weight. Thesc tteatlncnts were •rollowcd by groundnut shell applied crop, RDF and rcgcncralive (organics only) -trcatmcnts. However, during 2005 the order •in. which highcr yiclds achieved. by treatments were GSM application, compost followed by RDF due to well-distributed rainrall. Therefore to sustain yields in rainfcd groundnut and castor crops; present experirnentation envhasized application of organics to •improve soil fertility and drought management ability recycling crop Fesidues through a simple process of cattle shed bedding. This was an attetnpt to introduce the practicc of cattle shed bedding as value addition -to process other locally available crop residues to the practitioners of farming (es pecially parts of Africa and Latin America).Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePrincipal component analysis has been explored for assessing the consistency of 14 plant traits for sunflower growth using multivariate data of 6 field experiments conducted during kharif 1994 to 1999 seasons on rainfed alfisol. Seven genotypes have been used in the study viz., Guj-sun-1, MSFH-8, MSFH-17 KBSH-1, Jwala, Pac-36 and Morden. Observations were recorded on leaf nitrogen, leaf area, leaf weight, leaf number, stem nitrogen, stem weight root length, root weight, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, total biomass on 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) and flower head diameter and flower head weight on 45 and 60 days after sowing in each season. The first two principal components have extracted about 80% of variance in the data of different plant traits on different days after sowing. The consistency of plant traits has been assessed by examining correlations between different plant traits and the distribution of loadings of plant traits on the first two leading principal components 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. The results have indicated that stem weight and lead number on the 30th day, leaf area and leaf weight on the 45th day and leaf area, leaf weight and total biomass on the 60th day after sowing had significantly higher loadings on the 1st principal component. Similarly, root length on the 30th day, flower head diameter and flower head weight on the 45th day and root length and photosynthesis on the 60th day after sowing had significantly higher loadings on the 2nd principal component. Based on a graphic plot of the loadings, root length (30 and 60 DAS), stomatal conductance (30, 45 and 60 DAS) and photosynthesis (30 DAS) were found to be consistent since their loadings on the 1st principal component had high mean values with low standard deviations. Similarly, stem nitrogen (45 and 60 DAS), stomatal conductance (45 DAS), photosynthesis (30 DAS), leaf nitrogen (60 DAS), root length (30 DAS), flower head diameter (45 DAS) and flower head weight (45 DAS) were also consistent since their loadings on the 2nd principal component had high mean values with low standard deviations.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGrowth and yield responses of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to two elevated CO2 levels (550 and 700 ppm) were evaluated up to the maturity of first order spikes in open top chambers (OTCs). The growth characteristics – root and shoot lengths, root volume, root:shoot ratios, leaf area, dry weights of different plant parts, leaf area duration and crop growth rate increased with 550 and 700 ppm of CO2 levels compared with ambient control. The spike length, pod and seed yield of first order spikes increased under enhanced CO2 levels over ambient control. Elevated CO2 levels significantly increased the total biomass and yield of castor bean, however enhanced CO2 levels per se did not changed the content and quality of the castor oil. A positive response of castor bean to increased CO2 concentrations is a good indication for its future existence in potentially changed climatic conditions.NPCC, ICA

ChatGPT's Ability to Assess Quality and Readability of Online Medical Information: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms have gained widespread attention for their distinct ability to generate automated responses to various prompts. However, its role in assessing the quality and readability of a provided text remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the proficiency of the conversational generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) in utilizing the DISCERN tool to evaluate the quality of online content regarding shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction. Methods Websites were generated using a Google search of “shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction” with location filters disabled. Readability was analyzed using Readable software ( Readable.com , Horsham, United Kingdom). Quality was assessed independently by three reviewers using the DISCERN tool. The same plain text files collected were inputted into ChatGPT to determine whether they produced comparable metrics for readability and quality. Results The study results revealed a notable disparity between ChatGPT's readability assessment and that obtained from a reliable tool, Readable.com (p<0.05). This indicates a lack of alignment between ChatGPT's algorithm and that of established tools, such as Readable.com . Similarly, the DISCERN score generated by ChatGPT differed significantly from the scores generated manually by human evaluators (p<0.05), suggesting that ChatGPT may not be capable of accurately identifying poor-quality information sources regarding shock wave therapy as a treatment for erectile dysfunction. Conclusion ChatGPT’s evaluation of the quality and readability of online text regarding shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction differs from that of human raters and trusted tools. Therefore, ChatGPT's current capabilities were not sufficient for reliably assessing the quality and readability of textual content. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of AI in the objective evaluation of online medical content in other fields. Continued development in AI and incorporation of tools such as DISCERN into AI software may enhance the way patients navigate the web in search of high-quality medical content in the future.