Comparación de la actividad de determinados músculos del tronco y extremidades inferiores en la marcha de mujeres jóvenes con pie en supinación, pronación y neutro

  Los cambios en la estructura anatómica del pie reducen su capacidad de funcionamiento normal. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar determinados músculos del tronco y de las extremidades inferiores durante la marcha en individuos con distintos tipos de pie. Se clasificaron 45 estudiantes femeninas en 3 grupos, según la estructura de sus pies, es decir, en pronación, supinación y neutro. Un médico especialista definió los tipos de pie según el índice postural del pie y rayos X. Se registraron las actividades electromiográficas de los músculos tibial anterior, peroneo largo, gastrocnemio medial, bíceps femoral, glúteo medio, oblicuo externo y erector de la columna de los 3 grupos, al realizar un recorrido determinado, a una velocidad de marcha autoseleccionada. Se grabó con una cámara cada esfuerzo simultáneo con registro electromiográfico. Se utilizó el test ANOVA de un factor para comparar los grupos, con un nivel de significación de 0,05. La actividad de los músculos tibial anterior y gastrocnemio medial fue superior en el grupo de pie pronador que en los grupos de pie supinador y neutro, durante la fase de contacto del talón en la marcha (p = 0,001). El grupo de pie supinador reflejó una activación mayor del músculo peroneo largo que el resto de grupos (p = 0,001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los 4 músculos restantes (p > 0,05). Durante la fase de apoyo medio, el grupo de pie supinador reflejó una mayor actividad del peroneo largo en comparación con los demás grupos, mientras que el grupo de pie pronador reflejó mayor actividad muscular del glúteo medio que los demás grupos (p = 0,001). Se produjo una diferencia significativa entre los grupos de pie pronador y de pie neutro, respecto al oblicuo externo (p = 0,001). De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, los cambios del funcionamiento muscular de los grupos de pie pronador y supinador fueron más notorios que en el grupo de pie neutro

Comparació de l’activitat muscular de determinats músculs del tronc i de les extremitats inferiors en la marxa de dones joves amb peus en supinació, pronació i neutre

  Els canvis de l’estructura anatómica del peu en redueixen la capacitat de funcionament normal. Aquest estudi tingué l’objectiu de comparar determinats músculs del tronc i les extremitats inferiors durant la marxa de persones amb diferents tipus de peu. Es classificaren 45 estudiants dones en 3 grups, segons l’estructura del peu, és a dir, en pronació, en supinació i neutre. Un metge especialista definí els tipus de peu mitjançant l’índex postural i raigs X. Es registraren les activitats electromiogràfiques dels músculs tibial anterior, peroneal llarg, gastrocnemi medial, bíceps femoral, gluti mitjà, oblic extern i erector de la columna, en els 3 grups, en realitzar un recorregut determinat a una velocitat de marxa autoseleccionada. Es gravà amb una càmera cada esforç simultani amb registre electromiogràfic. S’utilitzà el test ANOVA d’un factor per comparar els grups, amb un nivell de significació de 0,05. L’activitat dels músculs tibial anterior i gastrocnemi medial fou major en el grup de peu pronador que en els grups de peu supinador i neutre, durant la fase de contacte del taló de la marxa (p = 0,001). El grup de peu supinador reflectí una activació major del múscul peroneal llarg que la resta dels grups (p = 0,001). No s’observaren diferències significatives en els 4 músculs restants (p > 0,05). Durant la fase de recolzament mitjà, el grup de peu supinador reflectí una major activitat del peroneal llarg en comparació al de la resta de grups, mentre que el grup de peu pronador reflectí major activitat muscular del gluti mitjà que en els altres grups (p = 0,001). Es produí una diferència significativa entre els grups de peu pronador i de peu neutre en l’oblic extern (p = 0,001). Segons els resultats d’aquest estudi, els canvis del rendiment muscular en els grups de peu pronador i supinador són més notoris que en el grup de peu neutre

Comparison of selected muscular activity of trunk and lower extremities in young women's walking on supinated, pronated and normal foot

  Changes in anatomical structure of the foot reduce the foot ability for normal performance. This study aimed to compare selected muscles of trunk and lower extremities during walking in individuals with different foot types. Forty-five female students were categorized into three groups depending on their foot structures namely, pronated, supinated and normal feet. Foot types defined by foot posture index and X-ray under the specialist physician. Electromyography activities were recorded from muscles of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, gluteus medius, external oblique and erector spinae in three groups while walking in determined path with self-selected gait speed. Each effort simultaneous with electromyography registration was recorded with camera. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups at significance level of 0.05. The activity of muscle of tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius was greater in pronated foot group than that in supinated and normal groups during heel contact phase of gait (p = 0.001). Supinated foot group exhibited a greater peroneus longus activation than the other groups (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed for remaining four muscles (p > 0.05). During midstance phase, peroneus longus, supinated foot group exhibited a greater activity compared to other groups while pronated foot group exhibited a greater muscle activity for gluteus medius than others (p = 0.001). There was a significant difference between normal and pronated foot groups for external oblique (p = 0.001). Regarding the findings of this study, the muscular performance changes in pronated and supinated foot groups are more noticeable than that in normal foot type

Comparison of Plantar Pressure Distribution in Dominant & Non-dominant leg of female Kata and Kumite National Team

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the plantar pressure distribution of dominant and non-dominant legs of females who were participated in the kata and kumite national team. Methods: Twelve kumite and 8 kata female athletes of the Karate national team participated in this study. Plantar pressure was measured using emed platform during barefoot walking. After dividing the foot into 10 masks, peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force and force-time integral were calculated. Wilcoxon and U-Mann-Witney tests were used to analyze parameters at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: In comparison of kata and kumite teams it was found that, kata plantar pressure parameters in Metatarsal-2 (p=0.05) and Metatarsals-3, 4, 5 (p=0.04) were significantly less than those in kumite. Also, in comparison of dominant and non-dominant leg, plantar pressure parameters of dominant leg were less in Metatarsal-2 (p=0.04) and more in Bigtoe (p=0.04) and Toes-3, 4, 5 (p=0.03) than those in the non-dominant leg. Conclusion: Results may be indicative different of natures of the two athletic fields in that Kumite has a higher impact on plantar pressure due to higher mechanical loads. Furthermore, the unequal use of the legs may affect plantar pressure because of leg dominance. Thus, further and more comprehensive studies are necessary to prevent exercise-induced adaptations in professional levels and their treatments

The Symmetry in the Selected Plantar Pressure Distribution Parameters of the Elderly Subject With Lower Limb Discrepancy (LLD)

Objectives: lower leg discrepancy is a common problem which causes the changes in the plantar pressure distribution pattern during gait. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the symmetry in the various plantar pressure distribution parameters in the elderly subject with leg discrepancy. Methods & Materials: Twenty-one elderly from Esfehan with leg discrepancy (1.5 to 3 cm) participated in this study. Plantar pressure distribution and other related parameters were measured in the five discrete steps for each limb by “emed 2” platforms. Three successful steps from five were selected and averaged, and the plantar areas were divided into 11 marks. For each mark peak force (BW%), peak pressure (Kpa), contact area, contact time, pressure time integral and force time integral were calculated. Descriptive statistics (mean and SD) to report the plantar pressure pattern, dependent sample t- test for comparison pressure data between long and short limb (P≤0.05) and symmetry index (SI%) for the symmetrical status in the selected plantar pressure data of the elderly subject with LLD were used. Results: The consequence of dependent t-test showed that regardless of contact area in the forefoot region and 3th, 4th and 5th toes, there were no significant differences between long and short limb. Symmetry index (SI%) also revealed that the contact time in the short limbs heel was less than long limb and peak force and peak pressure in the short limb was less in mid foot region and was greater in forefoot region than long limb. Conclusion: Given The Result Of This Study Showed That In The Short Limb, Initial Contact Time And Weight Acceptance Was Reduced, Which Cause The Increase Of The Pressure In The Forefoot And Also Which Causes The Increase Of Stress Fracture Risk In The Metatarsal Region. Therefore, It Is Suggested That LLD Subject Use Orthotic Or Shoes That Can Increase Their Heel Height And Balancing The Contact Time In The Short Limb To Resolve Their Gait Pattern Problems In Their Short Limb And Also To Eliminate The Compensating Mechanism Of Their Long Limb