Current Trends in Migration in the Commonwealth of Independent States

This paper assesses recent migration trends in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Within the last decade (1999-2009) the Russian Federation became the world’s second largest recipient of migrants after the United States, while the Ukraine became the fourth largest and Kazakhstan became the ninth largest. Such large-scale population movement, which includes a significant number of labour migrants from resource-poor to resource-rich states in the region, has had an inevitable impact on the social, economic and human development in both source and host countries. By 2007-2009 Moldova, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have develop a high dependency on international money transfers from their labour migrants, having the world’s highest ratio of remittances to their GDP. During last few years numerous studies focused on migration issues within the CIS region, yet there are a number of problems to be still explored: What are the “push” and “pull” factors that motivate this large-scale migration? What are the current trends in the labour migration in the CIS? What are the short-term and long-term implications of the current migration trends for migrants and their families? What is the impact of the migration on human development in the region, including poverty reduction, social and gender equality, education and health? The paper addresses these and other questions. First, it evaluates the historical, political and social background and demographic context of the population movement in the region, which has become one of the most important determinants of migration during the recent times. Second, it overviews the most important push and pull factors that have affected migration during recent years and different types of migration responses to the social and economic pressures in sending and receiving countries. Third, it reviews the major impacts of the population movement on human development in the CIS region. In conclusion the paper summarizes the major findings and provides policy recommendations.labour migration, regional labour market, human development, poverty, migration policy, remittances, rural-urban migration, urbanization, CIS, Kazakhstan, and Russia

Current Trends in Migration in the Common Wealth of Independent States

This paper assesses recent migration trends in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Within the last decade (1999-2009) the Russian Federation became the world’s second largest recipient of migrants after the United States, while the Ukraine became the fourth largest and Kazakhstan became the ninth largest. Such large-scale population movement, which includes a significant number of labour migrants from resource-poor to resource-rich states in the region, has had an inevitable impact on the social, economic and human development in both source and host countries. By 2007-2009 Moldova, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have develop a high dependency on international money transfers from their labour migrants, having the world’s highest ratio of remittances to their GDP. During last few years numerous studies focused on migration issues within the CIS region, yet there are a number of problems to be still explored: What are the “push” and “pull” factors that motivate this large-scale migration? What are the current trends in the labour migration in the CIS? What are the short-term and long-term implications of the current migration trends for migrants and their families? What is the impact of the migration on human development in the region, including poverty reduction, social and gender equality, education and health? The paper addresses these and other questions. First, it evaluates the historical, political and social background and demographic context of the population movement in the region, which has become one of the most important determinants of migration during the recent times. Second, it overviews the most important push and pull factors that have affected migration during recent years and different types of migration responses to the social and economic pressures in sending and receiving countries. Third, it reviews the major impacts of the population movement on human development in the CIS region. In conclusion the paper summarizes the major findings and provides policy recommendations.labour migration, regional labour market, human development, poverty, migration policy, remittances, rural-urban migration, urbanization, CIS, Kazakhstan, and Russia

Current Trends in Migration in the Commonwealth of Independent States

This paper assesses recent migration trends in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Within the last decade (1999-2009) the Russian Federation became the world’s second largest recipient of migrants after the United States, while the Ukraine became the fourth largest and Kazakhstan became the ninth largest. Such large-scale population movement, which includes a significant number of labour migrants from resource-poor to resource-rich states in the region, has had an inevitable impact on the social, economic and human development in both source and host countries. By 2007-2009 Moldova, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have develop a high dependency on international money transfers from their labour migrants, having the world’s highest ratio of remittances to their GDP. During last few years numerous studies focused on migration issues within the CIS region, yet there are a number of problems to be still explored: What are the “push” and “pull” factors that motivate this large-scale migration? What are the current trends in the labour migration in the CIS? What are the short-term and long-term implications of the current migration trends for migrants and their families? What is the impact of the migration on human development in the region, including poverty reduction, social and gender equality, education and health? The paper addresses these and other questions. First, it evaluates the historical, political and social background and demographic context of the population movement in the region, which has become one of the most important determinants of migration during the recent times. Second, it overviews the most important push and pull factors that have affected migration during recent years and different types of migration responses to the social and economic pressures in sending and receiving countries. Third, it reviews the major impacts of the population movement on human development in the CIS region. In conclusion the paper summarizes the major findings and provides policy recommendations

"The Economic and Financial Crises in CEE and CIS: Gender Perspectives and Policy Choices"

This paper looks at the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), where economies have been most dramatically hit by the global crisis and its impact is likely to be most long-lasting, especially among poor and vulnerable groups. Using poverty as the main axis, it looks at aspects of economic and social development in countries at similar poverty levels to identify the degree of fiscal space in each, as well as the different policy choices made. The paper argues that despite such economic fundamentals as increasing external debt, worsening current account imbalances, and demands for a balanced budget, governments have policy choices to make about how to protect different groups, especially the most vulnerable-including women.Economic Crisis; Gender; Policy Response; Pro-poor Macro Policies; Gender; Policy Space; Central and Eastern Europe; Commonwealth of Independent States

Current Trends in Migration in the Commonwealth of Independent States

This paper assesses recent migration trends in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Within the last decade (1999-2009) the Russian Federation became the world’s second largest recipient of migrants after the United States, while the Ukraine became the fourth largest and Kazakhstan became the ninth largest. Such large-scale population movement, which includes a significant number of labour migrants from resource-poor to resource-rich states in the region, has had an inevitable impact on the social, economic and human development in both source and host countries. By 2007-2009 Moldova, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have develop a high dependency on international money transfers from their labour migrants, having the world’s highest ratio of remittances to their GDP. During last few years numerous studies focused on migration issues within the CIS region, yet there are a number of problems to be still explored: What are the “push” and “pull” factors that motivate this large-scale migration? What are the current trends in the labour migration in the CIS? What are the short-term and long-term implications of the current migration trends for migrants and their families? What is the impact of the migration on human development in the region, including poverty reduction, social and gender equality, education and health? The paper addresses these and other questions. First, it evaluates the historical, political and social background and demographic context of the population movement in the region, which has become one of the most important determinants of migration during the recent times. Second, it overviews the most important push and pull factors that have affected migration during recent years and different types of migration responses to the social and economic pressures in sending and receiving countries. Third, it reviews the major impacts of the population movement on human development in the CIS region. In conclusion the paper summarizes the major findings and provides policy recommendations

Marketing Communications in the Era of Digital Transformation

The advent of digital transformation has revolutionized the marketing landscape, presenting both challenges and opportunities for businesses. This scientific paper delves into the realm of marketing communications in the context of this transformative era. The primary objective is to examine the profound impact of various marketing communication tools on consumer perception and response to advertising messages, direct marketing, electronic communication, and other innovative marketing techniques. Utilizing the ANOVA (analysis of variance) statistical evaluation method, comprehensive empirical research data are analysed to uncover key trends and insights. The findings shed light on the dynamic market developments characterized by a notable decline in the effectiveness of traditional mass marketing approaches. Instead, there is a discernible shift towards more specialized marketing strategies, bolstered by the rapid advancement of computer and information technologies. Moreover, this study confirms a hypothesis pertaining to the efficacy of Internet advertising in relation to different age groups of customers. This confirmation underscores the importance of leveraging digital platforms and channels to engage specific target audiences effectively. The practical significance of this research lies in its potential to guide marketers in optimizing their marketing budgets, identifying the most impactful communication channels, and discerning statistically significant variations in consumer responses to diverse marketing communication tools. By understanding these nuances, marketers can design more targeted and persuasive marketing campaigns, leading to enhanced customer engagement and improved business outcomes

Digital Transformation of a Country’s Image: The Case of the Astana International Finance Centre in Kazakhstan

A strong positive image is an important asset for all countries around the world. Simple recognition of a name or geographic location is not enough to make a successful brand. People should want to visit, live, and preferably work and invest in the country. The research methodology for this article used Simon Anholt’s approach. Anholt is the author of the widely recognized system Nation Brands Index which measures the power and quality of each country’s “brand image” by combining the following six dimensions: Exports, Governance, Culture and Heritage, People, Tourism, and Investment and Immigration. In this article, the authors selected one important dimension, “Investment and Immigration,” using the case of the Astana International Finance Centre (AIFC), which was created to enhance and promote Kazakhstan’s investment image. The expected outcomes of the study include assessing the perception of how the AIFC used digital technologies to build its brand as a part of the country’s image, and discussing the digital context of developing investment attractiveness. It also covers a short literature review on the theoretical and empirical aspects of digital transformation and presents a case study and a questionnaire-based survey to illustrate the impact of digital transformation, and especially the use of digital technologies for the AIFC’s image promotion. The conclusion summarizes the findings of this research and discusses some implications for investment and immigration attractiveness and the image of the AIFC

Framing a Regional Spatial Development Perspective: The Relation between Health and Regional Performance

The article describes the step-by-step process of testing the hypothesis about the importance of the health factor in the regions’ economic growth, which determines their competitive positions. Calculations of the health development level in 22 regions of Ukraine were carried out, according to which those regions were divided into four clusters. The regions’ integrated index of competitiveness was evaluated. The obtained taxonomic indicator allowed dividing the analysed regions into four groups according to their integral values of competitiveness. At the next stage, there were used several criteria for checking the data by groups for normality of distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Levin method, which made it possible to confirm the presence of the heteroscedasticity phenomenon of the variances of the compared groups of regions. To confirm a connection between the level of regions’ health development and their competitiveness, a one-factor parametric ANOVA analysis, supported by Tukey's post hoc test, was carried out, which revealed a dependence between almost all groups of the regions compared. The Granger test made it possible to confirm the hypothesis of a unidirectional causal relationship between the health factor and the competitive positions of a region based on the integrated level of competitiveness. The obtained results prove the need for an active work in the direction of strengthening the regional health care system and the maximum involvement of stakeholders of various levels in the strategy issues of improving the territories and supporting the system of medical and social care of the population at the level of cities and regions. The authors emphasize that for implementing an effective regional health policy, it is important to take into account the influence of factors that can restrain health development, as well as those groups of determinants capable of stimulating this development: financial and budgetary mechanisms, involvement of marketing and information tools, taking into account behavioural and institutional factors

The Formation of post-Soviet International Politics in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan

The Donald W. Treadgold Papers publication series was created to honor a great teacher and scholar. Donald W. Treadgold was professor of history and international studies at the University of Washington from 1949 to 1993. During that time he wrote seven books, on of which - Twentieth Century Russia - went into eight editions. He was twice editor of Slavic Review, the organ of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, and received the AAASS Award for Distinguished Contributions to Slavic Studies, as well as the AAASS Award for Destinguished Service. Professor Treadgold molded several generations of Russian historians and contributed enormously to the field of Russian history. He was, in other ways as well, an inspiration to all who knew him. The Treadgold Papers series was created in 1993 on the occaision of Professor Treadgold's retirement, on the initiative of Professor Daniel Waugh. Professor Treadgold passed away in December 1994. The series is dedicated to the memory of a great man, publishing papers in those areas which were close to his heart