Deformable Object Tracking Using Clustering and Particle Filter

Visual tracking of a deformable object is a challenging problem, as the target object frequently changes its attributes like shape, posture, color and so on. In this work, we propose a model-free tracker using clustering to track a target object which poses deformations and rotations. Clustering is applied to segment the tracked object into several independent components and the discriminative parts are tracked to locate the object. The proposed technique segments the target object into independent components using data clustering techniques and then tracks by finding corresponding clusters. Particle filters method is incorporated to improve the accuracy of the proposed technique. Experiments are carried out with several standard data sets, and results demonstrate comparable performance to the state-of-the-art visual tracking methods

Problems in Recruitment

The success of an organization in achieving its goals depends on the quality and motivation of its employees. The relevant skills, experience, and behavioral traits of the applicants need to be scrutinized and assessed carefully. To attract top level talent one has to be intentional. There are many things which need to be considered and done in the hiring process. If not given attention at this stage they cannot be repaired later on. In hyper competitive business environments, employees are source of competitive advantage. The casual approach to recruitment and selection would be a big mistake. The problems in recruitment and selection need to be considered and addressed carefully. In this article an effort has been made to highlight some important problems in recruitment and some suggested measures to attract the applicants with high skills, right knowledge and attributes at the right time and for the right job

Prevailing Status and Treatment Seeking Awareness Among Patients Attending in The Orthodontics Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

Background: Malocclusion is problem since antiquity. But people’s perception about the problem varies with their geographical location and cultural background. The problem seems to be more acute in developing countries like Bangladesh. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness about aesthetic problem of malocclusion and treatment seeking behavior among the patients attending in orthodontic department of BSMMU. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU, over a period 24 months from January 2008 to December 2009. A total of 110 participants who were suffering from malocclusion and came for dental treatment were the study population. Results: The mean age of the patients was 21 years and the youngest and the oldest patients were 8 and 32 years old respectively with female to male ratio being roughly 3:2. Graduate or postgraduate level educated patients were predominant (53.6%). Over 70% of the respondents viewed malocclusion as an aesthetic problem, 50% as functional problem, 55.5% social problem and 69.1% oral problem. Two-third (67%) told that malocclusion was a treatable condition. Approximately 43% of the patients identified trauma as a cause of malocclusion, 40% gingivitis or periodontitis and 35.5% dental caries. About one-third (32.7%) of the respondents was of the opinion that certain habits should be avoided to prevent malocclusion, 15.5% told timely treatment of malocclusion, 30% told prevention of early loss of teeth due to caries, 12.7% were in favour of the use of a space maintainer in places of premature loss of a deciduous tooth. Over 90% of the respondents held the view that symptoms of malocclusion, its prevention and different treatment options should get the priority in educating the society about malocclusion. However, 80% of the respondents told that causative factors should discussed. Regarding ways of behaviour change communication (BCC), TV got the first priority (94%) followed by newspaper (92%), teacher (88%), school health programme (84.5%), friends (76%), health educators (43.6%) and poster got the least priority (30.9%). Conclusion: The study concludes that a substantial proportion of the patients of malocclusion are not aware of the causes and consequence of malocclusion. However, the patients are aware that malocclusion is an aesthetic problem and can be corrected. Key words: Malocclusion; aesthetic problem; treatment seeking behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8637 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):94-9

Cultural Mapping and Its Ascertainment: A Case Study of PTCL

This research has investigated the Organization culture Model of Charles Handy on PTCL, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd, the single public sector Telecommunication giant. For this purpose Questionnaire from 40 Sales personal has been filled. Questionnaire was adapted from a phd thesis Tayyab (2012) having 138 statements but reduced till 40 statement for this particular study. Results highlighted that it is person culture which prevails in PTCL whereas results denied existence of Task and Power culture in PTCL. However results are silent about existence of Role culture in PTCL. As PTCL is a large organization, there must be some of the characteristics of Role culture but our study doesnot find Role culture in PTCL. This might be the reason that we have only included 42 responses for Analysis, so insufficient data might be the reason of inconclusive result of Role culture in PTCL. Keyword: Organization Development, Organization Culture, Charles Handy Model, PTC

Mesiodistal Crown Dimensions of Permanent Teeth in Bangladeshi Population

Background: Variation in tooth size is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have reported tooth size variation between and within different racial groups. In order to improve the quality of dental care available, there is a great need for data on the mesiodistal crown dimensions of the individual teeth of Bangladeshi population. Objectives: To find nominative data on the mesiodistal crown dimensions of permanent teeth in Bangladeshi population and to compare the findings with those reported in other populations. Methods: This observational study was done from January, 2008 to June, 2010 in the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 244 Bangladeshi subjects (77 males and 167 females), aged 7 – 36 years (mean 18.3 years) with no age limit who attended at the above mentioned place for treatment were included in the study. Main outcome measure was mesiodistal crown dimension of each tooth class of permanent dentition. Mesiodistal crown dimensions were measured from dental casts of the permanent teeth. Results: Males had significantly larger teeth than females for maxillary central incisors (p < 0.05) and for the mandibular second premolars (p < 0.001). In both sexes, the maxillary lateral incisors showed the greatest variability [coefficient of variation (CV) 10.7%] and the maxillary canines the least (CV 6.9%) in mesiodistal crown dimension. Mandibular canines displayed greater sexual dimorphism in mesiodistal crown size than in any other tooth classes. Comparisons of the mesiodistal crown dimensions between population groups showed that Bangladeshis have tooth sizes close to those of North Indians, Icelanders and Jordanians but larger than those of North American Whites. Conclusions: From this study, a standard for the mesiodistal crown dimensions of permanent dentition of Bangladeshi males and females are obtained. Key Words: Crown dimension; Mesio-Distal width; Permanent dentition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8635 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):81-8

Dual-band multiple-element MIMO antenna system for next-generation smartphones

This work presents a cost-effective multiple-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for next-generation smartphones. The proposed antenna system is developed on a 0.8 mm thin FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4, which consists of one main board and two sideboards. The dimensions of the main board and the two side boards are 150 × 75 mm2 and 150 × 6 mm2, respectively. The radiating elements are printed on the sideboards to provide space for other radio frequency (RF) components to be embedded on the main board. The proposed antenna resonates at two distinct allotted 5G bands, i.e., 3.5 GHz and 5.4 GHz, with impedance bandwidths of 200 MHz and 700 MHz, respectively. The isolation between the antenna elements is noted to be >18 dB and >12 dB for the 3.5 GHz and 5.4 GHz frequency bands. In addition, the proposed MIMO antenna provides pattern and spatial diversity characteristics in both bands with good gain and efficiency. Furthermore, the MIMO parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), mean effective gain (MEG), and channel capacity (CC) are calculated, and it is observed that the MIMO antenna offers good diversity performance for the bands of interest. A prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the numerical data. The simulated results were discovered to be in excellent agreement with the measured results. It is also observed that the proposed MIMO antenna system holds promising features, and can be utilized for future generations of smartphones.Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman Universit

Patulin mycotoxin in mango and orange fruits, juices, pulps, and jams marketed in Pakistan

The objective of the study was to explore the incidence of patulin (PAT) mycotoxin in mango and orange fruits and derived products marketed in Pakistan. A total of 274 samples, including 70 mango fruits, 63 mango-based products (juices, pulp, and jam), 77 orange fruits, and 64 orange-based products, were collected. PAT was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-Vis detector (276 nm). Linear detector response was observed (R2 > 0.99), the limit of detection (LOD) was 5 µg/kg and recovery percentage was 97.4%. The incidence of PAT in mango samples was 61.7%, and the concentration ranged from <LOD to 6415 µg/kg with a mean of 110.9 µg/kg. Our results showed the high susceptibility of mango fruits to patulin, and it was observed that decayed mango fruits were most contaminated with PAT. Among the mango samples, PAT concentration was higher in fruits than in processed products such as mango juice, pulp, and jam. Toxin incidence in orange samples was 52.5% with concentrations from <LOD to 61 µg/kg and a mean of 6.3 µg/kg. As much as 29 samples of mango (21.8%) contained PAT concentration above the regulatory limit (50 µg/kg), whereas there was only one exceeding orange sample (0.7%). Our results show that PAT seems to be a problem in fruits, juices, and derived solid products, especially from mango, and needs surveillance on regular basis