3 research outputs found
Prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among individuals with cardiovascular disease in high-, middle- and low-income countries: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
Importance: Little is known about adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals
with a coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke event in communities across a range of countries worldwide.
Objective: To examine the prevalence of avoidance or cessation of smoking, eating
a healthy diet, and undertaking regular physical activities by individuals with a CHD
or stroke event.
Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)
was a large, prospective cohort study that used an epidemiological survey of 153 996
adults, aged 35 to 70 years, from 628 urban and rural communities in 3 high-income
countries (HIC), 7 upper-middle-income countries (UMIC), 3 lower-middle-income countries
(LMIC), and 4 low-income countries (LIC), who were enrolled between January
2003 and December 2009.
Main Outcome: Measures smoking status (current, former, never), level of exercise
(low, 600 metabolic equivalent task [MET]-min/wk; moderate, 600-3000
MET-min/wk; high, 3000 MET-min/wk), and diet (classified by the Food Frequency
Questionnaire and defined using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index).
Results: Among 7519 individuals with self-reported CHD (past event: median, 5.0
[interquartile range {IQR}, 2.0-10.0] years ago) or stroke (past event: median,
4.0 [IQR, 2.0-8.0] years ago), 18.5% (95% CI, 17.6%-19.4%) continued to smoke;
only 35.1% (95% CI, 29.6%-41.0%) undertook high levels of work- or leisure related
physical activity, and 39.0% (95% CI, 30.0%-48.7%) had healthy diets;
14.3% (95% CI, 11.7%-17.3%) did not undertake any of the 3 healthy lifestyle
behaviors and 4.3% (95% CI, 3.1%-5.8%) had all 3. Overall, 52.5% (95% CI,
50.7%-54.3%) quit smoking (by income country classification: 74.9%
[95% CI, 71.1%-78.6%] in HIC; 56.5% [95% CI, 53.4%-58.6%] in UMIC; 42.6%
[95% CI, 39.6%-45.6%] in LMIC; and 38.1% [95% CI, 33.1%-43.2%] in LIC). Levels
of physical activity increased with increasing country income but this trend was
not statistically significant. The lowest prevalence of eating healthy diets was in LIC
(25.8%; 95% CI, 13.0%-44.8%) compared with LMIC (43.2%; 95% CI, 30.0%-
57.4%), UMIC (45.1%, 95% CI, 30.9%-60.1%), and HIC (43.4%, 95% CI, 21.0%-
68.7%).
Conclusion and Relevance: Among a sample of patients with a CHD or stroke event
from countries with varying income levels, the prevalence of healthy lifestyle behaviors
was low, with even lower levels in poorer countries.IS