Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis

Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis is a pathology of recent knowledge, whose pathogenesis is still poorly defined. Diagnosis is mainly based on colonoscopy and histopathological study. Clinical features are chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps in the lower right quadrant, and intermittent hematochezia. The diagnosis is evidenced by colonoscopy showing inflammation in the colic mucosa between the diverticula, sparing the diverticular orifice associated with an anatomopathological condition showing chronic inflammation. The involvement is preferably sigmoid and may involve a descending colon, sparing the rectum. The treatment is similar to that of inflammatory bowel diseases in mild forms, but recent studies have presented new alternatives with good results. The treatment is not yet well defined, and antibiotics, mesalamine, and corticoid therapy can be used, and surgery can even be performed for refractory cases

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Acute Appendicitis in Patients with Kartagener Syndrome

Situs inversus totalis is a congenital syndrome characterized by a total left-right transposition of all abdominal and thoracic organs. It may be associated with chronic respiratory conditions such as sinusitis and bronchiectasis, composing the Kartagener syndrome. If not detected, this condition may compromise the early diagnosis of surgical emergencies such as cholecystitis and appendicitis. A rare case of appendicitis in a patient with Kartagener syndrome is here reported

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Perineal and Perianal

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory, recurrent, and a debilitating skin disorder that affects the follicular epithelium, specifically of apocrine-gland-bearing regions (such as axillae, inframammary folds, groin, perineal, and/or perigenital). HS prevalence is around 1–4%, and the perineal disease is more common in males. HS is initially characterized by perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate, which causes glands’ duct occlusion, dilation, rupture of the follicle, and increased inflammation. The result is the formation of tunnels (fistulas) connecting the glands to the skin’s surface. Secondary bacterial infections may occur. The etiological factors are obesity, smoking, and hormones, with a genetic predisposition of up to 40% of patients. HS usually occurs in early adulthood, with inflamed skin nodules, abscesses, pus discharge tunnels, and scarring developed in axillary, inguinal, gluteal, and perineal body sites. The diagnosis is made clinically based on typical lesions, affected regions, and progression (chronicity, persistent lesions, and recurrence). The therapy for HS must be individualized and guided by severity. They range from topical and systemic antibiotics, retinoids, immunosuppressive drugs, local therapies such as laser, phototherapy, hyperbaric, and even regulated and extensive surgical resections, which may be associated with skin grafts

Prediction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness by the Six-Minute Step Test and Its Association with Muscle Strength and Power in Sedentary Obese and Lean Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a hallmark characteristic in obese and lean sedentary young women. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) prediction from the six-minute step test (6MST) has not been established for sedentary females. It is recognized that lower-limb muscle strength and power play a key role during functional activities. The aim of this study was to investigate cardiorespiratory responses during the 6MST and CPX and to develop a predictive equation to estimate VO2peak in both lean and obese subjects. Additionally we aim to investigate how muscle function impacts functional performance. Lean (LN = 13) and obese (OB = 18) women, aged 20-45, underwent a CPX, two 6MSTs, and isokinetic and isometric knee extensor strength and power evaluations. Regression analysis assessed the ability to predict VO2peak from the 6MST, age and body mass index (BMI). CPX and 6MST main outcomes were compared between LN and OB and correlated with strength and power variables. CRF, functional capacity, and muscle strength and power were lower in the OB compared to LN (<0.05). During the 6MST, LN and OB reached ~90% of predicted maximal heart rate and ~80% of the VO2peak obtained during CPX. BMI, age and number of step cycles (NSC) explained 83% of the total variance in VO2peak. Moderate to strong correlations between VO2peak at CPX and VO2peak at 6MST (r = 0.86), VO2peak at CPX and NSC (r = 0.80), as well as between VO2peak, NSC and muscle strength and power variables were found (p<0.05). These findings indicate the 6MST, BMI and age accurately predict VO2peak in both lean and obese young sedentary women. Muscle strength and power were related to measures of aerobic and functional performance

Intestinal obstruction caused by phytobezoar composed of jaboticaba seeds: case report and literature review

Bezoar is a cluster of swallowed and undigested material in the gastrointestinal tract which can cause intestinal obstruction. It has multiple subtypes and the phytobezoar (composed of vegetable fiber) is the most common. We report a patient admitted with intestinal obstruction caused by impaction of multiples seeds of jaboticaba in the rectum. The treatment included multiple enemas, laxatives and digital maneuvers and it was effective after four days. Only one similar report was found in the literature.<br>Bezoar trata-se de um aglomerado de material deglutido e não digerido no trato gastrointestinal que pode causar quadro de obstrução intestinal. Existem múltiplos subtipos, sendo o mais comum o fitobezoar (composto por fibras vegetais). Foi relatado o caso de uma paciente admitida com quadro de suboclusão intestinal causada por impactação de múltiplos caroços de jabuticaba em reto. O tratamento instituído foi conservador com múltiplos enteroclimas, laxativos e quebra digital, efetivos após quatro dias. Somente um caso semelhante foi encontrado na literatura

Correlations for LN, OB and overall sample for VO_2peak at CPX, VO_2peak and NSC at 6MST.

<p>Pearson’s coefficient correlations between cardiorespiratory fitness and functional main variables between (A) VO_2peak at CPX and 6MST; (B) VO_2peak at CPX and NSC; (C) VO_2peak at 6MST and NSC. VO_2peak, oxygen consumption at the peak of exercise; CPX, cardiopulmonary exercise testing; 6MST, six-minute step test; NSC, number of step cycles; OB, obese group; LN, lean group. Dashed line: OB; dotted line: LN; continuous line: LN and OB (overall sample).</p

Flow diagram representing sample recruitment and loss.

<p>Recruitment, eligible subject’s assessment, sample loss and its causes and final studied sample. BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass; LN, lean group; OB, obese group.</p