Factores de riesgo de eventos coronarios agudos. Importancia del factor psicosocial. Área terapia intensiva municipal

Introduction: currently acute coronary episodes are found among the first causes of death in the world, including Cuba. Objective: to determine the risk factors influencing on the onset of acute coronary episodes, emphasizing on psychosocial factors in patients attending to the Municipal Intensive Care Area in Los Palacios municipality during 2009. Material and method: a case-control applied research. Sample: study group (patients older than 15 years old admitted to the Municipal Intensive Care who survived acute coronary episodes) and a control group (2 healthy people per one person included in the study group living in the same Popular Council). Traditional risk factors as well as psychosocial factors (depression, stress, and anxiety) were studied. Measures of summing up qualitative data, chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability (to the association of variables in tables of 2x2) and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results: the increase of age, smoking and hypertension resulted significant as predisposing factors to develop acute coronary episodes (p < 0.001 and p <0.005) respectively, where 100% of the patients included into the study group suffered from hypertension; whereas depression, anxiety and stress, though present in both groups, resulted not so important per se to the occurrence of these episodes.Conclusions: during 2009 the risk factors influencing on the occurrence of acute coronary episodes in Los Palacios municipality were: age, smoking and hypertension, while the presence of psychosocial factors resulted not as important to trigger these episodes.Introducción: los eventos coronarios agudos se encuentran en la actualidad entre las primeras causas  de muerte.Objetivo: determinar los factores  de riesgo  que influyeron en la aparición de eventos coronarios agudos, particularizando en el factor psicosocial en pacientes atendidos en el Área de Terapia Intensiva Municipal (ATIM), Los Palacios durante el año 2009.Material y método: investigación aplicada,  en servicios de salud. Muestra: grupo estudio (pacientes mayores de 15 años atendidos en el ATIM que hayan sobrevivido a un evento coronario agudo) y grupo control 2 personas que no hayan sufrido un evento coronario, por cada una del grupo estudio y que vivan en el mismo consejo popular. Se estudiaron factores de riesgo tradicionales  y factores psicosociales (depresión, stress y ansiedad). Se utilizaron medidas de resúmenes para datos cualitativos y chi cuadrado, fisher, Mann-Whitne, asociación lineal y razón de verosimilitud.Resultados: el incremento de la edad, el hábito de fumar y la hipertensión arterial resultaron muy significativos como predisponentes para desarrollar eventos coronarios agudos (p < 0.001 y p < 0.005), siendo el 100% de los pacientes del grupo estudio hipertensos; mientras que la depresión, ansiedad y stress no resultaron significativas para la ocurrencia de dichos eventos.Conclusiones: el factor psicosocial comparado con los factores de riesgo biológicos o de estilo de vida no resultó por sí solo significativo, como factor desencadenante de eventos coronarios agudos

Risk factors of acute coronary episodes. Importance of psychosocial factor in the Municipal Intensive Care Area

Introducción: los eventos coronarios agudos se encuentran en la actualidad entre las primeras causas  de muerte.Objetivo: determinar los factores  de riesgo  que influyeron en la aparición de eventos coronarios agudos, particularizando en el factor psicosocial en pacientes atendidos en el Área de Terapia Intensiva Municipal (ATIM), Los Palacios durante el año 2009.Material y método: investigación aplicada,  en servicios de salud. Muestra: grupo estudio (pacientes mayores de 15 años atendidos en el ATIM que hayan sobrevivido a un evento coronario agudo) y grupo control 2 personas que no hayan sufrido un evento coronario, por cada una del grupo estudio y que vivan en el mismo consejo popular. Se estudiaron factores de riesgo tradicionales  y factores psicosociales (depresión, stress y ansiedad). Se utilizaron medidas de resúmenes para datos cualitativos y chi cuadrado, fisher, Mann-Whitne, asociación lineal y razón de verosimilitud.Resultados: el incremento de la edad, el hábito de fumar y la hipertensión arterial resultaron muy significativos como predisponentes para desarrollar eventos coronarios agudos (p < 0.001 y p < 0.005), siendo el 100% de los pacientes del grupo estudio hipertensos; mientras que la depresión, ansiedad y stress no resultaron significativas para la ocurrencia de dichos eventos.Conclusiones: el factor psicosocial comparado con los factores de riesgo biológicos o de estilo de vida no resultó por sí solo significativo, como factor desencadenante de eventos coronarios agudos.Introduction: currently acute coronary episodes are found among the first causes of death in the world, including Cuba. Objective: to determine the risk factors influencing on the onset of acute coronary episodes, emphasizing on psychosocial factors in patients attending to the Municipal Intensive Care Area in Los Palacios municipality during 2009. Material and method: a case-control applied research. Sample: study group (patients older than 15 years old admitted to the Municipal Intensive Care who survived acute coronary episodes) and a control group (2 healthy people per one person included in the study group living in the same Popular Council). Traditional risk factors as well as psychosocial factors (depression, stress, and anxiety) were studied. Measures of summing up qualitative data, chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability (to the association of variables in tables of 2x2) and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results: the increase of age, smoking and hypertension resulted significant as predisposing factors to develop acute coronary episodes (p < 0.001 and p <0.005) respectively, where 100% of the patients included into the study group suffered from hypertension; whereas depression, anxiety and stress, though present in both groups, resulted not so important per se to the occurrence of these episodes.Conclusions: during 2009 the risk factors influencing on the occurrence of acute coronary episodes in Los Palacios municipality were: age, smoking and hypertension, while the presence of psychosocial factors resulted not as important to trigger these episodes

Transient non-collinear magnetic state for all-optical magnetization switching

Resonant absorption of a photon by bound electrons in a solid can promote an electron to another orbital state or transfer it to a neighboring atomic site. Such a transition in a magnetically ordered material could affect the magnetic order. While this process is an obvious road map for optical control of magnetization, experimental demonstration of such a process remains challenging. Exciting a significant fraction of magnetic ions requires a very intense incoming light beam, as orbital resonances are often weak compared to above-band-gap excitations. In the latter case, a sizeable reduction of the magnetization occurs as the absorbed energy increases the spin temperature, masking the non-thermal optical effects. Here, using ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy, we were able to resolve changes in the magnetization state induced by resonant absorption of infrared photons in Co-doped yttrium iron garnet, with negligible thermal effects. We found that the optical excitation of the Co ions affects the two distinct magnetic Fe sublattices differently, resulting in a transient non-collinear magnetic state. The present results indicate that the all-optical magnetization switching most likely occurs due to the creation of a transient, non-collinear magnetic state followed by coherent spin rotations of the Fe moments

Leigh syndrome is the main clinical characteristic of PTCD3 deficiency

Mitochondrial translation defects are a continuously growing group of disorders showing a large variety of clinical symptoms including a wide range of neurological abnormalities. To date, mutations in PTCD3, encoding a component of the mitochondrial ribosome, have only been reported in a single individual with clinical evidence of Leigh syndrome. Here, we describe three additional PTCD3 individuals from two unrelated families, broadening the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of this disorder, and provide definitive evidence that PTCD3 deficiency is associated with Leigh syndrome. The patients presented in the first months of life with psychomotor delay, respiratory insufficiency and feeding difficulties. The neurologic phenotype included dystonia, optic atrophy, nystagmus and tonic-clonic seizures. Brain MRI showed optic nerve atrophy and thalamic changes, consistent with Leigh syndrome. WES and RNA-seq identified compound heterozygous variants in PTCD3 in both families: c.[1453-1G>C];[1918C>G] and c.[710del];[902C>T]. The functional consequences of the identified variants were determined by a comprehensive characterization of the mitochondrial function. PTCD3 protein levels were significantly reduced in patient fibroblasts and, consistent with a mitochondrial translation defect, a severe reduction in the steady state levels of complexes I and IV subunits was detected. Accordingly, the activity of these complexes was also low, and high-resolution respirometry showed a significant decrease in the mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Functional complementation studies demonstrated the pathogenic effect of the identified variants since the expression of wild-type PTCD3 in immortalized fibroblasts restored the steady-state levels of complexes I and IV subunits as well as the mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Additionally, minigene assays demonstrated that three of the identified variants were pathogenic by altering PTCD3 mRNA processing. The fourth variant was a frameshift leading to a truncated protein. In summary, we provide evidence of PTCD3 involvement in human disease confirming that PTCD3 deficiency is definitively associated with Leigh syndrome.© 2022 The Authors. Brain Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Neuropathology

Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of pulmonary functional sequelae in ARDS- secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Background: Up to 80% of patients surviving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV- 2 infection present persistent anomalies in pulmonary function after hospital discharge. There is a limited un-derstanding of the mechanistic pathways linked to post-acute pulmonary sequelae. Aim: To identify the molecular underpinnings associated with severe lung diffusion involvement in survivors of SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. Methods: Survivors attended to a complete pulmonary evaluation 3 months after hospital discharge. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using Illumina technology in whole-blood samples from 50 patients with moderate to severe diffusion impairment (DLCO<60%) and age- and sex-matched individuals with mild-normal lung function (DLCO≥60%). A transcriptomic signature for optimal classification was constructed using random forest. Transcriptomic data were analyzed for biological pathway enrichment, cellular deconvolution, cell/tissue-specific gene expression and candidate drugs. Results: RNA-seq identified 1357 differentially expressed transcripts. A model composed of 14 mRNAs allowed the optimal discrimination of survivors with severe diffusion impairment (AUC=0.979). Hallmarks of lung sequelae involved cell death signaling, cytoskeleton reorganization, cell growth and differentiation and the immune response. Resting natural killer (NK) cells were the most important immune cell subtype for the pre-diction of severe diffusion impairment. Components of the signature correlated with neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts. A variable expression profile of the transcripts was observed in lung cell subtypes and bodily tissues. One upregulated gene, TUBB4A, constitutes a target for FDA-approved drugs. Conclusions: This work defines the transcriptional programme associated with post-acute pulmonary sequelae and provides novel insights for targeted interventions and biomarker development.MCGH is the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the University of Lleida. MM is the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship (PFIS: FI21/00187) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. AC is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Sara Borrell 2021: CD21/00087). DdGC has received financial support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Miguel Servet 2020: CP20/00041), co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) “Investing in your future”. IML is supported by a Miguel Servet contract (CPII20/00029) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) “Investing in your future”. CIBERES is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This work is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20/00110), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to make Europe”. Supported by: Programa de donaciones "estar preparados"; UNESPA (Madrid, Spain) and Fundación Francisco Soria Melguizo (Madrid, Spain). Funded by: La Fundació La Marató de TV3, project with code 202108–30/ 31. COVIDPONENT is funded by the Institut Català de la Salut and Gestió de Serveis Sanitaris. This research was funded in part by a grant (PI19/01805) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to build Europe” and by the Fundación Rioja Salu

Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL

Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot-by-shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, the DSSC imaging detector, which is capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst, is employed and allows approaching the photon shot-noise limit. We review the setup and its capabilities, as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.Comment: 11 figure

Symmetry-dependent ultrafast manipulation of nanoscale magnetic domains

Femtosecond optical pumping of magnetic materials has been used to achieve ultrafast switching and recently to nucleate symmetry-broken magnetic states. However, when the magnetic order parameter already presents a broken-symmetry state, such as a domain pattern, the dynamics are poorly understood and consensus remains elusive. Here, we resolve the controversies in the literature by studying the ultrafast response of magnetic domain patterns with varying degrees of translation symmetry with ultrafast x-ray resonant scattering. A data analysis technique is introduced to disentangle the isotropic and anisotropic components of the x-ray scattering. We find that the scattered intensity exhibits a radial shift restricted to the isotropic component, indicating that the far-from-equilibrium magnetization dynamics are intrinsically related to the spatial features of the domain pattern. Our results suggest alternative pathways for the spatiotemporal manipulation of magnetism via far-from-equilibrium dynamics and by carefully tuning the ground-state magnetic textures

Nonequilibrium sub–10 nm spin-wave soliton formation in FePt nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles such as FePt in the L1 0 phase are the bedrock of our current data storage technology. As the grains become smaller to keep up with technological demands, the superparamagnetic limit calls for materials with higher magnetocrystalline anisotropy. This, in turn, reduces the magnetic exchange length to just a few nanometers, enabling magnetic structures to be induced within the nanoparticles. Here, we describe the existence of spin-wave solitons, dynamic localized bound states of spin-wave excitations, in FePt nanoparticles. We show with time-resolved x-ray diffraction and micromagnetic modeling that spin-wave solitons of sub–10 nm sizes form out of the demagnetized state following femtosecond laser excitation. The measured soliton spin precession frequency of 0.1 THz positions this system as a platform to develop novel miniature devices