Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?

Nicotine has gained the attention of the medical community due to its insidious addictive mechanisms which lead to chronic consumption. The multitude of compounds derived from tobacco smoke have local and systemic negative impacts, resulting in a large number of smoking-related pathologies. The present review offers insights into nicotine addiction physiopathology, as well as social and medical implications, with emphasis on its correlation with Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). Therapeutic strategies and new approaches to nicotine assessment and cessation treatment are discussed, noting that such strategies could take into account the possibility of slow and gradual nicotine release from a device attached to a prosthetic piece, based on salivary nicotine-concentration feedback. This approach could offer real-time and home-based self-therapy monitoring by the physician and the patient for follow-up and improve long-term cessation treatment success- Graphical abstract

Insights into the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction. Could a salivary biosensor be useful in Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?

Nicotine has gained the attention of the medical community due to its insidious addictive mechanisms which lead to chronic consumption. The multitude of compounds derived from tobacco smoke have local and systemic negative impacts, resulting in a large number of smoking-related pathologies. The present review offers insights into nicotine addiction physiopathology, as well as social and medical implications, with emphasis on its correlation with Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). Therapeutic strategies and new approaches to nicotine assessment and cessation treatment are discussed, noting that such strategies could take into account the possibility of slow and gradual nicotine release from a device attached to a prosthetic piece, based on salivary nicotine-concentration feedback. This approach could offer real-time and home-based self-therapy monitoring by the physician and the patient for follow-up and improve long-term cessation treatment success- Graphical abstract

APPLICATIONS OF REPRAP THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTERS IN DENTISTRY- A LITERATURE REVIEW

Purpose – This paper is intended to summarize the current available literature in which low-cost, open-source RepRap 3D printers are incorporated in the field of dentistry in an attempt to improve or replace conventional clinical and/or laboratory procedures. Methodology– An electronic search of publications from January 2004 to July 2014 was performed, by two researchers, in two electronic databases: Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE Library. All searches were limited to human subjects investigations, published in English. Search terms included general and specific terms from the field of dentistry and additive manufacturing. Findings – The contribution of RepRap 3D printers to the field of dentistry is so far limited to only two applications, respectively reconstruction of study models for orthodontic measurements and reconstruction of skull segments. Originality/value – This review brings focus on the few researches and applications of low-cost RepRap printers in the dental field. In spite of the promising results reported, there still remains a sizable sector in which the capabilities of these low-cost, open source 3d printers are to be tested

Postoperative Complications Following Gingival Grafts: A Prospective Cohort Study

Aim: Treating gingival recessions (GRs) is a challenge for the practitioner who must take into consideration objective clinical factors, subjective symptoms and also factors related to the patient’s expectations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative complications associated with connective tissue graft (CTG) plus coronally advanced flap (CAF) and free gingival graft (FGG) used to cover GRs and to compare post-operative morbidities for the two groups of procedures. Material and Methods: A total of 17 patients diagnosed with Miller class 1 to 3 GRs ≥2mm were surgically treated using CTG plus CAF or FGG. When minimum 2 mm of keratinized gingiva was present apically to GR, CTG plus CAF was used. FGG was chosen to cover GRs when keratinized gingiva was absent. Post-operative complications were evaluated with a questionnaire with six questions given to the patients at 14 days follow-up visit. The study used a 1 to 10 visual analogic scale (VAS) and the levels of outcomes were classified as “none to minimum” “moderate” and “very important/severe”. Results: A total of 21 procedures, 10 CTG plus CAG and 11 FGG were included in the analysis. No palatal bleeding and no severe pain or swelling were recorded. The patients experienced more pain in the grafted area than in the donor area, for both surgical techniques, with a mean value of 3.09 (1.3 standard deviation sd) versus 2.27 (1.4 sd) for CTG plus CAF group and of 3.7 (2.21 sd) versus 2.9 (1.7 sd) for FGG group, respectively. CTG plus CAF generated significantly higher scores of tumefaction than FGG, the mean values being 2.45 (0.93 sd) and 4 (2.21 sd) (t-value=2.12, p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion: The complications associated with the two periodontal surgical approaches seem manageable and clinically acceptable

Radiological Aspects of BRONJ after Dental Extractions in Ovariectomized Female Wistar Rats

Experimental study in animal model - female Wistar rats – using two types of bisphosphonates (ibandronic acid and denosumab) for treating osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy, performing extractions in the maxillary central incisors and occurance of bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) after the dental extractions. The appearance of BRONJ in female Wistar rats which had undergone ovariectomy in advance and received two types of bisphosphonates and a comparison between 3 groups show that BRONJ it is first diagnosticated radiological, before it is first signs in oral cavity. Therefore, careful monitoring of patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy is essential in the clear and accurate diagnosis of BRONJ. According to the experiment conducted by us, the administration of this class of bisphosphonates has antibacterial effects, decrease osteoclasts activity and thus decrease the bone resorption, but as a secondary main effect it induces BRONJ after performing routine dental surgeries

THE NEED FOR ORAL REHABILITATION IN OPEN BITE

Aim of the study .The open bite is a part of dentomaxillary anomalies and is classified by anatomic open bite and functional open bite. In this study, we demonstrated the frequency of the open bite , the dysfunctional factors involved as well as the etiopathogenesis of the anomaly. Materials and methods. We did a retrospective study for a group of 290 patients who were treated at the clinic Orthodontics “Iuliu Haţieganu” Cluj Napoca (2015-2017). The study was based on data collected from completed forms for each patient. Results. The data were systematized in tables and were subjected to statistical analysis. Our study focuses on a group of 290 patients of which 26 (9%) have an open bite, and 264 patients (91%) have other dentomaxillary anomalies. Conclusions . Prophylaxis means and interception will eliminate dysfunctional factors and ensure the normal development of the dentomaxillary apparatus

Comparative assessment of bone regeneration by histometry and a histological scoring system / Evaluarea comparativă a regenerării osoase utilizând histometria și un scor de vindecare histologică

Obiective: Scopul studiului de față a constat în evaluarea valorii scorului de vindecare histologică, comparativ cu histometria în monitorizarea vindecării osose la nivelul calotei. Material și metodă: Am realizat un studiu cazcontrol cu un lot control și unul de studiu. La un număr de 60 de șoareci CD1 incluși în lotul de studiu am indus chirurgical un defect osos la nivelul calotei și am realizat reconstrucția defectului utilizând grefe obținute prin inginerie tisulară. Ingineria tisulară a grefonului osos s-a realizat utilizând celule stem embrionare poziționate pe suport matriceal -corn caduc de cerb, iar ca inductor al diferențierii am utilizat mediu osteogenetic bazal și complex. La cei 30 de șoareci CD1 incluși în lotul control am indus chirurgical același defect osos la nivelul calotei, dar nu am realizat reconstrucția osoasă a acestuia. Procesul de regenerare osoasă a fost evaluat la 2 și respectiv la 4 luni utilizând scorul de vindecare și histometria. Rezultate: Scorul de vindecare histologică s-a corelat statistic semnificativ cu dimeniunea defectului obtinută la histometrie (p<0.001). Evaluarea parametrilor în baza cărora s-a stabilit scorul de vindecare histologică indică regenerarea cea mai avansată la subiecții din lotul de studiu sacrificați la 4 luni, la care s-a utilizat pentru ingineria grefonului osos celule stem embrionare, suport matriceal corn caduc de cerb și mediu osteogenetic complex ca inductor. Concluzii: scorul de vindecare histologică este o metoda valoroasă de cuantificare a procesului de regenerare osoasă. Relevanță clinică: Acest studiu demonstrează că scorul de vindecare histologică prezentat este un instrument util pentru clinician în procesul de evaluare a regenerării osoase

ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF FACIAL PARALYSIS. IATROGENESIS IN THE DENTAL OFFICE

The etiopathogenesis of facial paralysis is extremely varied, from local causes to general disorders, including the side effects of some drug treatments. Iatrogenic facial paralysis induced in the dental office or during oromaxillo-facial surgery should not be neglected. Iatrogenic facial palsy in the dental office is illustrated by a case report. In order to avoid these situations, the dentist should have a good competence for the adequate management of patients with facial paralysis in the dental office