Alcohol Addiction – A Psychosocial Perspective

AbstractAlcohol is the most widely used addictive substance, representing a genuine social phenomenon of global importance. Addiction to alcohol, as a dysfunctional pattern, has an undeniable impact on the overall functionality of the addict and his entourage. Alcohol addiction and alcohol itself represents something different for each individual depending on their socio-economic status and gender-based affiliation while maintaining a cultural cliché. The study aims to analyze the way in which individuals perceive alcohol and alcohol consumption according to gender, age, background, level of training and even consumer status

PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE COMPORTAMENTULUI SUICIDAR LA COPII ŞI LA ADOLESCENŢI

Frecvenţa comportamentului suicidar la copii şi la adolescenţi a cunoscut o creştere semnifi cativă în ultimii ani, reprezentând un fenomen plurifactorial, cu determinanţi încadraţi atât în rândul patologiilor psihiatrice, relaţionându-se predominant depresiei si tulburărilor de conduită, cât şi în rândul unor variaţi factori de mediu ce includ familiile disfuncţionale, eşecul şcolar, relaţiile defectuase cu anturajul şi incluzând o problemă de interes crescând care se situează la graniţa dintre boală şi factor social, reprezentată de abuzul de substanţe psihoactive. Modalităţile de abordare rămân nesistematizate şi insufi ciente, menţinând astfel deschisă o temă de studiu fundamentală, suicidul la copil şi adolescent şi ridicând problema perfecţionării unor mijloace de intervenţie efi ciente, pentru această situaţie de importanţă globală

PARTICULARITIES OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

The frequency of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents has increased signifi cantly in recent years, representing a plurifactorial phenomenon, with determining factors in both psychiatric disorders, especially depression and conduct disorders, and also environmental factors including dysfunctional families, academic failure, faulty relationships, including an issue of increasing interest which lies on the border between illness and social factor, represented by the abuse of psychoactive substances. Approaches remain unorganized and inadequate, thus maintaining a real interest in the folowing subject, child and adolescent suicide, and furthermore raising the issue of improving the means of effective intervention for this situation of global importanc

TULBURAREA AFECTIVĂ BIPOLARĂ LA COPIL, CA PROVOCARE DIAGNOSTICĂ

Tulburarea afectivă bipolară devine o patologie tot mai frecventă în sfera pediatrică, ridicând numeroase probleme de diagnostic de certitudine cât şi diferenţial. De cele mai multe ori, criteriile standard ale bolii nu sunt întru totul îndeplinite la copil, fi ind necesară o particularizare a acestora şi o mai exactă clasifi care a tipurilor nosologice. Totodată, o problemă centrală este cea a diferenţierii şi/sau detectării comorbidităţii cu ADHD şi cu tulburările de conduită ale copilului

IMPACTUL PSIHO-SOCIAL AL DURERII ABDOMINALE CRONICE DIN TULBURĂRILE FUNCŢIONALE GASTROINTESTINALE LA COPIL

Atât durerea abdominală funcţională, cât şi sindromul de intestin iritabil, sunt cauze frecvente ale durerii cronice abdominale la copil şi adolescent. Abordarea acestor entităţi nosologice se face conform modelului biopsihosocial al tulburărilor gastrointestinale funcţionale, dat fi ind efectul acestora asupra calităţii vieţii pacienţilor şi asupra statusului psihosocial al acestora. Astfel, terapia cognitiv-comportamentală, psihoterapia de familie, tehnicile de relaxare sau hipnoterapia şi-au demonstrat efi cienţa în obţinerea unor mai bune mecanisme de coping şi în atenuarea simptomatologiei psihice, cât şi somatice. Totodată, medicaţia antidepresivă incluzând inhibitorii recaptării serotoninei şi antidepresivele triciclice, aduce ameliorări notabile ale simptomatologiei psihice de aspect hipertimic negativ datorată afecţiunii gastrointestinale, dar şi a celei somatice digestive prin mecanisme dependente de acţiunea complexă a neuromediatorilor

BIPOLAR DISORDER IN CHILDREN: THE DIAGNOSTICAL CHALLENGE

The bipolar disorder becomes more and more frequent in the pediatric field, raising numerous questions regarding the diagnosis. In most cases, the standard criteria of the disease are not fully met in the case of a child, requiring their particularization and a more accurate classifi cation. Also, a central issue is the differentiation and/ or detection of comorbidity with ADHD and conduct disorders in children

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population