Neki tehnološki aspekti poboljšanja kod prasadi u odgoju

Effects of utilization of imported boars in comparison to domestic ones were investigated, two imported boar lines Tibora and Tempa were compared in regard to production of their progeny, piglets in rearing, and in the final, third trial, possibilities for use of Biokvas preparation as substitute of yeast in nutrition of piglets in rearing were studied. Obtained results showed that considerably better production is realized by improvement of gain by 17,79% and feed conversion by 12,21% as well as lower cost of gain by 12,16% in progeny of imported boars. No differences were established in weaned piglets deriving from two imported boar lines Tibora or Tempa. Considering that better gain in average by 3,88% and cheaper by 0,57% was realized, it can be concluded that Biokvas as a protein feed can succesfully be used as substitute for yeast in nutiriton of piglets in rearing. In general, use of imported boars as well as application of Biokvas instead of yeast in nutrition of piglets and with objective of improvement of production of rearing piglets were justified.U tri ogleda ispitivani su efekti korišćenja uvoznih u odnosu na domaće neraste, komparacija dvaju linija Tibora i Tempa, uvoznih nerastova na proizvodnju njihovih potomaka, prasadi u odgoju, a u poslednjem trećem ogledu mogućnosti korišćenja biokvasa kao zamene kvascu u ishrani prasadi u odgoju. Ispitivanja, su izvedena na privatnoj farmi svinja Fencaroš u Platičevu - Šabac. U eksperimente je uključeno ukupno 56 odbijene prasadi rase melezi Veliki Jorkšir x Švedski Landras. Ogledi su formirani neposredno pri zalučenju prasadi i trajali su 39 hranidbenih dana pri čemu su prasad bila iste starosti na zalučenju. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se: - ostvaruje znatno bolja proizvodnja, poboljšanjem prirasta za 17,79% i konverzije hrane za 12,21% kao i jeftinijom cenom prirasta za 12,16% kod potomaka nerastova iz uvoza. - nije bilo razlike kod odbijene prasadi korišćenjem dvaju linija nerasta iz uvoza Tibora ili Tempa. - s obzirom na bolji, u proseku za 3,88%, i za 0,57% jeftiniji prirast, biokvas se pokazao da kao proteinsko hranivo može vrlo uspešno zameniti kvasac u ishrani prasadi u odgoju. U celini se pokazala opravdanost korišćenja nerastova iz uvoza kao i primena biokvasa u cilju unapređenja proizvodnje prasadi u odgoju

Efekti različitih tehnologija držanja na dobrobit prasadi u odgoju

During two consecutive years the effects of introduction of new technology i.e. boxes of new dimensions in rearing of piglets compared to conventional type of boxes, on animal welfare through production results were investigated and economical parameters relating to introduction of investigated technology in rearing piglets. Research was carried out on experimental pig farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia. Obtained results demonstrated that introduction of new box, with 14 instead of 6 heads per box, influenced increase in gain by 7,9%, higher feed consumption by 6,7% and better feed conversion by 0,9% compared to production results in control group housed in conventional cages. In the structure of expenses, due to higher share of cost of material in total costs, also relative equal reduction of share of labour and depreciation costs for buildings and equipment, but also regardless of that, since cost of material is directly correlated to the production value, mentioned change can be characterized as positive, therefore by application of the new technology of piglet housing the amount of total cost decreased by over 7%, and in general total positive financial effect of 10,6% can be considered as very satisfactory. In general, obtained results showed that by application of new technology of piglet housing positive effects are achieved in regard to production and financial results, and also to welfare of this category of pigs.Tokom dve uzastopne godine istraživani su efekti uvođenja nove tehnologije odnosno boksa novih dimenzija u odgoju prasadi u poređenju sa klasičnim starim tipom boksa, na dobrobit životinja preko proizvodnih rezultata i ekonomske pokazatelje uvođenje ispitivane tehnologije kod prasadi u odgoju. Istraživanja su izvedena na eksperimentalnoj farmi svinja Instituta za stočarstvo, Beograd-Zemun u Srbiji. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je uvođenje novog boksa, sa 14 u odnosu na 6 grla u boksu, imalo efekte izražene boljim prirastom za 7,9%, većom konzumacjom hrane za 6,7% i povoljnijom konverzijom hrane za 0,9% u poređenju proizvodnim rezultatima kod kontrolne grupe držane u klasičnim kavezima. U strukturi troškova većim udelom troškova materijala u ukupnim troškovima, zbog relativno ravnomernog smanjenja udela troškova zarada i troškova amortizacije objekata i opreme, i bez obzira na to, budući da utrošak materijala ima direktnu korelaciju sa vrednosti proizvodnje navedenu promenu je moguće okarakterisati kao pozitivnu tako da se primenom nove tehnologije držanja prasadi iznos ukupnih troškova smanjio za preko 7%, te se u celini ostvareni ukupan pozitivan finansijski rezultat od 10,6% može tumačiti kao veoma zadovoljavajući, U celini dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se primenom nove tehnologije držanja prasadi u odgoju ostvaruju pozitivni efekti na proizvodne i finansijske rezultate a time i na dobrobit kod ove kategorije svinja

Pokazatelji kvaliteta - kvalitet polutki i mesa svinja različitih genotipova

In the paper, lean meat and quality of meat from pigs of 5 different genotypes were investigated: pure Landrace breed (L), genotype A; two hybrid combinations (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc (LY x L) x D, genotype B; (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Pietrain (LY x L) x P, genotype C; and tow recurrent mating combinations: (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Large Yorkshire (F1x LY, genotype D) and (Large Yorkshire x Landrace) x Landrace (F1 x L, genotype E). Relevant indicators of lean meat were analyzed early post mortem and by method of partial dissection on cooled left carcass sides according to recommendation of EU. By analysis of obtained results it was established that the best indicator of lean meat of pig carcass sides mass of muscle tissue in four main parts. This conclusion derives from the fact that fatteners (genotype C) which had the greatest mass of muscle tissue in four main parts (15,33kg) also had the highest lean meat share in leg, shoulder, back-loin part (BLP) and belly-rib part (BRP) (69,67%, 57,71%, 54,42% and 44,99%) and highest share of muscle tissue in carcass sides when any of the mentioned investigation methods was applied (51,23 and 60,73%) compared to fatteners of other investigated genotypes. The quality of meat was investigated by determination of its technological quality and chemical composition of the MLD. Technological quality and chemical composition of MLD meat exhibited significant (*p (lt) 0,05) differences in WBC and pigment content between genotypes B and C, as well as B and E. Average values for content of ashes and share of pigments corresponds with average values characterizing muscles of normal properties. By analysis of obtained results we can conclude that fatteners of genotype E had the highest meat yield in carcass sides, but of slightly lower quality, which indicates the need for further work on improvement of meat quality.U radu su vršena ispitivanja mesnatosti i kvaliteta mesa svinja 5 različitih genotipova, od čega jedna čista rasa landras (L) dve hibridne kombinacije: (veliki jorkšir x landras) x durok (VJ x L) x D, genotip B; (veliki jorkšir x landras) x pietren (VJ x L) x P, genotip C; i dve povratne kombinacije parenja: (veliki jorkšir x landras) x veliki jorkšir (F1x VJ, grenotip D) i (veliki jorkšir x landras) x landras (F1 x L, genotip E). Analizirani su i relevantni pokazatelji mesnatosti ocenjeni rano post mortem na liniji klanja FOM metodom i metodom parcijalne disekcije na ohlađenim levim polutkama po preporuci EU. Analizom dobijenih rezultata ustanovljeno je da je najbolji indikator mesnatosti svinjskih polutki masa mišićnog tkiva u četiri osnovna dela. Ovakav zaključak proizilazi iz činjenice zato što su tovljenici (genotip C), imali najveću masu mišićnog tkiva u četiri osnovna dela (15,33kg) i najveći udeo mišićnog tkiva u butu, plećki, LSD i TRD (69,67%, 57,71%, 54,42% i 44,99%) i najveći udeo mišićnog tkiva u polutkama pri korišćenju bilo koje od navedenih metoda ispitivanja (51,23 i 60,73%) u odnosu na tovljenike ostalih ispitivanih genotipova. Ispitivan je i kvalitet mesa određivanjem tehnološkog kvaliteta i hemijskog sastava MLD-a. Tehnološki kvalitet i hemijski sastav mesa MLD-a ispoljio je značajne (*p (lt) 0,05) razlike u SVV i sadržaju pigmenata između genotipova B i C i B i E. Prosečne vrednosti za sadržaj pepela i udeo pigmenata odgovara prosečnim vrednostima koje karakteriše mišiće normalnih svojstava. Analizom dobijenih rezultata zaključujemo da su tovljenici genotipa E imali najveći prinos mesa u polutkama no nešto umanjenog kvaliteta, što iziskuje dalji rad na poboljšanju kvaliteta mesa

Efekti različitih premiksa u ishrani krmača i prasadi

In the last ten years we have been witnesses to import of numerous premixes produced by various producers and of different quality in regard to concentration of ingredients which are their main components. There is relatively few data on the effects of their nutritive value in pigs, so this research was carried out with objective to verify the effects of several different imported premixes and those produced according to domestic concept, in nutrition of sows, suckling piglets and weaned piglets. Research was performed on private farm in the vicinity of Šabac in Serbia. Obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in losses of body masses and food consumption in sows during lactation period. Nutrition of suckling piglets using mixture which contained adequate premix of domestic production improved the growth rate by 7.6%. Cost of food when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of sows and piglets was by 5.3% lower, and value of realized piglets by approx. 26.0% more favourable when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of sows and suckling piglets. Piglets in rearing were fed mixtures containing imported premixes showed no significantly important effect on gain, but had poorer feed conversion by 6.2% compared to animals fed diets containing domestic premix. Domestic premix in mixtures reduced the cost of mixtures by 3.4% and reduced the cost of gain of piglets in rearing by 9.9% compared to nutrition with diets containing imported premixes. In general, obtained results shoed that use of both types of compared premixes can be recommended, but it is more economically efficient to use domestic premixes in nutrition of sows and piglets.Poslednjih deset godina svedoci smo uvoza mnogobrojnih premiksa raznih proizvođača različitog kvaliteta u pogledu koncentracija ingredijenata koji ulaze u njihov sastav. Relativno je malo podataka o efektima njihove nutritivne vrednosti kod svinja, zbog čega su ova ispitivanja i izvedena sa ciljem da se provere efekti palete premiksa iz uvoza i onih proizvedenih po domaćem konceptu čiji je idejni tvorac prvoimenovani autor ovoga rada, u ishrani krmača, prasadi na sisi i prasadi u odgoju. Istraživanja su izvedena na privatnoj farmi svinja u Platičevu u okolini Šapca u Srbiji. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da nije bilo bitne razlike u gubicima telesnih masa i u konzumaciji hrane kod krmača u periodu laktacije. Ishrana prasadi na sisi smešom u kojoj je korišćen odgovarajući premiks domaće proizvodnje poboljšala je brzinu porasta prasadi u proseku za 7,6%. Cena hrane korišćenjem domaćih premiksa je bila za 5,3% niža, a vrednost realizovane prasadi za oko 26,0% nepovoljnija korišćenjem premiksa iz uvoza. Prasad u odgoju hranjena smešama gde su korišćeni uvozni premiksi nisu iskazala bitan efekat na prirast ali su reagovala pogoršanom konverzijom hrane za 6,2% u poređenju sa životinjama na obrocima sa premiksom domaće proizvodnje. Domaći premiks u smešama je umanjio cenu smeša za 3,4% i pojeftinio cenu prirasta prasadi u odgoju za 9,9% u poređenju sa ishranom obrocima sa uvoznim premiksima. U celini dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se preporučuje korišćenje obeju vrsta upoređivanih premiksa, ali je ekonomičnije koristiti domaće premikse u ishrani krmača, prasadi na sisi i odgoju

Efekti različitih premiksa u ishrani svinja u tovu

We have been witnesses to import of numerous premixes produced by various producers and of different quality in regard to concentration of ingredients which are their main components. In our previous studies (Živković et al., 2010) we obtained results confirming that in use of domestic premix more economically efficient production is realized in nutrition of sows and piglets, so this research was carried out with objective to verify the effects of several different imported premixes and those produced according to domestic concept, in nutrition of growing-fattening pigs. Research was performed on private farm in the vicinity of Šabac in Serbia. Nutrition of fattening pigs using mixture which contained adequate premix of domestic production improved the growth rate by 7.6% without any significant difference in food conversion. Cost of feed when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of fattening pigs was by 4.1% lower and value of realized pigs by approx. 4.51% more favourable when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of investigated animals. Dressing percentage of pigs on domestic premixes was higher by 2.0%, and there was no difference in meatiness between compared groups of animals in the experiment. In general, obtained results showed that use of both types of compared premixes can be recommended, but it is more economically efficient to use domestic premixes in nutrition of fattening pigs.Poslednjih deset godina svedoci smo uvoza mnogobrojnih premiksa raznih proizvođača različitog kvaliteta u pogledu koncentracija ingredijenata koji ulaze u njihov sastav. Relativno je malo podataka (Živković et al., 2010) o efektima njihove nutritivne vrednosti kod svinja, zbog čega su ova ispitivanja i izvedena sa ciljem da se provere efekti palete premiksa iz uvoza i onih proizvedenih po domaćem konceptu čiji je idejni tvorac prvoimenovani autor ovoga rada, u ishrani svinja u tovu. Istraživanja su izvedena na privatnoj farmi svinja u Platičevu u okolini Šapca u Srbiji. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se ishranom tovljenika smešama sa odgovarajućim koncentracijama domaćeg premiksa prirast poboljšava za 7,6% uz skoro identičnu konverziju hrane. Cena hrane korišćenjem domaćeg premiksa u ishrani je bila za 4,51% povoljnija te je cena ostvarenog prirasta bila za 4,51% povoljnija od onoga ostvarenog ishranom smešom istog sastava uz korišćenje premiksa iz uvoza. Na liniji klanja pokazalo se da nije bilo bitne razlike u mesnatosti u polutkama, ali je grupa na obroku sa domaćim premiksom iskazala za 2,0% povoljniji randman. U celini dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se preporučuje korišćenje obeju vrsta upoređivanih premiksa, ali je ekonomičnije koristiti domaće premikse u ishrani svinja u tovu

Efekti potpunih smeša različitih domaćih proizvođača u ishrani svinja u porastu

The effects of nutrition using complete mixtures from five producers on production performance, digestibility of nutrients and cost of 1 kilogram of gain in nutrition of growing pigs were investigated. Obtained results showed that: the best pig production is realized using control mixture A, slightly lower results with diet B, followed by mixtures C, D and E. Degree of utilization of dry, organic matter and protein was best in diets A and B, and slightly lower in remaining C, D and E diets. The cheapest gain was realized by using mixtures A and C, followed by mixture B, and the least favourable cost of gain was recorded in pigs fed diets D and E, without any established differences between them. In general, obtained results showed that by using the mixtures from various manufacturers certain differences in production performance were established, also in the degree of utilization of nutrients and cost of kilogram of gain in growing pigs.Ispitivani su efekti ishrane smešama od pet proizvođača na proizvodne rezultate, svarljivost hranljivih materija i cenu kilograma prirasta u ishrani svinja u porastu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se: najbolja proizvodnja kod svinja postiže ishranom kontrolnom smešom A, nešto slabiji obrokom B, pa smešama C, D i E proizvođača. Stepen iskorišćavanja suve, organske materije i proteina je bio bolji kod obroka A i B a nešto slabiji kod preostalih C, D i E obroka. Najjeftiniji prirast je ostvaren kod A i C smeša , zatim sledi kod smeše B a najnepovoljnije cenu prirasta svinje su bile na obrocima D i E između kojih nije bilo razlika. U celini dobijeni rezultati u ovom radu su pokazali da se, korišćenjem smeša različitih proizvođača u Srbiji ostvaruju razlike u proizvodnim rezultatima, stepenu iskorišćavanja hranljivih materija i ceni kilograma prirasta svinja u porastu.

Efekti zamene ribljeg brašna biljnim visokoproteinskim hranivom u ishrani krmača i prasadi

The effects of use of high protein plant feed - Ekofish meal in nutrition of sows in lactation, sucking piglets and weaned piglets were investigated in this paper. Considering our previous positive experiences in use of similar feed in nutrition of weaned piglets and fatteners, objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of use of high protein feed based on plant proteins in diets for lactating sows, suckling and weaned piglets. Investigated feed was produced according to specific technology in production facilities of the firm Bankom in Serbia. Investigations were carried out on the Experimental pig farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun in Serbia. Obtained results showed that in isonitrogen mixtures the introduction of studied feed as substitute for fish meal had positive effects: by 6,18% lower losses of body mass of sows during lactation, by 1,6 shorter service period, with almost identical gain (difference of 2 g) in suckling piglets, increased consumption of pre-starter by 1,1 kg/litter in piglets during creep feeding, and similar but by 4,73% lower cost of gain with similar feed conversion in weaned piglets. In general, obtained results have shown that use of high protein plant feed can be recommended in nutrition of sows, suckling and weaned piglets.Ispitivani su efekti korišćenja visokoproteinskog hraniva biljnog porekla - Ekofish meal u ishrani krmača u laktaciji, prasadi na sisi i u odgoju. Imajući u vidu naša ranija pozitivna iskustva o korišćenju sličnog hraniva u ishrani odbijene prasadi i svinja u tovu, cilj ovoga rada je bio da se ocene efekti korišćenja visokoproteinskog hraniva zasnovanog na biljnim izvorima proteina u obrocima krmača u laktaciji, prasadi na sisi, i u odgoju. Ispitivano hranivo je proizvedeno po određenoj tehnologiji u pogonima kompanije Bankom u Srbiji. Istraživanja su izvedena na eksperimentalnoj farmi svinja Instituta za stočarstvo, Beograd-Zemun u Srbiji. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je u izonitrogenim smešama uvođenje ispitivanog hraniva umesto ribljeg brašna imalo pozitivne efekte izražene za 6,18% manjim gubicima telesne mase krmača tokom laktacije, za 1,6 dana kraćim servis periodom, skoro istim prirastom (razlika 2 grama) kod prasadi na sisi, povećanom potrošnjom predstartera za 1,1 kg/leglo kod prasadi tokom prihranjivanja, sličnim ali za 4,73% jeftinijim prirastom uz sličnu konverziju hrane kod prasadi u odgoju. U celini dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se preporučuje korišćenje biljnog visokoproteinskog hraniva u ishrani krmača, prasadi na sisi i u odgoju