Wpływ energii wyładowań elektrycznych na właściwości warstwy wierzchniej po procesie EDM

The modern industry looks for new technologies that lead to improving the durability of parts from difficult-to-cut materials. One of the main fields of study on manufacturing difficult-to-cut materials is using electrical discharge machining (EDM). In this work, the experimental investigation of the influence of discharge current and pulse time, which defines the discharge energy, on surface roughness and average white layer thickness, was carried out. The surface layers properties after machining have a key role in the durability of manufacturing parts. Conducted research indicates that an increase in current and pulse time leads to growing the diameter and power of the discharge channel. It's causing the generation of the roughness of greater height and distance between the individual vertices. The plasma stream generated as a result of electric discharges causes the melting and evaporation of the material locally, while micro streams of liquid metal "thrown" to the gap from craters re-solidify on the surface of the material. Experimental studies and their analysis indicate that the main factors influencing the surface topography and average thickness of the white layer after EDM is the discharge energy.Współczesny przemysł poszukuje nowych technologii, które prowadzą do zwiększenia trwałości części z trudnych do cięcia materiałów. Jednym z głównych kierunków studiów nad wytwarzaniem materiałów trudno skrawalnych jest obróbka elektroerozyjna (EDM). W pracy przeprowadzono eksperymentalne badanie wpływu prądu wyładowania oraz czasu impulsu określającego energię wyładowania na chropowatość powierzchni i średnią grubość białej warstwy. Właściwości warstw powierzchniowych po obróbce skrawaniem mają kluczowa rolę w trwałości części produkcyjnych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że wzrost natężenia prądu i czasu impulsu prowadzi do zwiększenia średnicy i mocy kanału wyładowczego. Powoduje to generowanie nierówności o większej wysokości i odległości między poszczególnymi wierzchołkami. Strumień plazmy powstający w wyniku wyładowań elektrycznych powoduje miejscowe topienie i parowanie materiału, podczas gdy mikrostrumienie ciekłego metalu "wyrzucane" do szczeliny z kraterów ponownie krzepną na powierzchni materiału. Badania eksperymentalne i ich analiza wskazują, że głównymi czynnikami wpływającymi na topografię powierzchni i średnią grubość białej warstwy po EDM jest energia wyładowania

Center of Gravity Coordinates Estimation Based on an Overall Brightness Average Determined from the 3D Vision System

In advanced manufacturing technologies (including complex automated processes) and their branches of industry, perception and evaluation of the object parameters are the most critical factors. Many production machines and workplaces are currently equipped as standard with high-quality special sensing devices based on vision systems to detect these parameters. This article focuses on designing a reachable and fully functional vision system based on two standard CCD cameras usage, while the emphasis is on the RS 232C communication interface between two sites (vision and robotic systems). To this, we combine principles of the 1D photogrammetric calibration method from two known points at a stable point field and the available packages inside the processing unit of the vision system (as filtering, enhancing and extracting edges, weak and robust smoothing, etc.). A correlation factor at camera system (for reliable recognition of the sensed object) was set from 84 to 100%. Then, the pilot communication between both systems was proposed and then tested through CREAD/CWRITE commands according to protocol 3964R (used for the data transfer). Moreover, the system was proven by successful transition of the data into the robotic system. Since research gaps in this field still exist and many vision systems are based on PC processing or intelligent cameras, our potential research topic tries to provide the price–performance ratio solution for those who cannot regularly invest in the newest vision technology; however, they could still do so to stay competitive

New approach of designing robotics production systems using immersive virtual reality environment

Production requirements are growing and companies needs to adapt to the latest trends with state-of-art technologies. Virtual reality (VR) technology promises big changes in Industry sector, even this technology is still evolving. This immersive technology allows to visualization and interaction of complex engineering data in virtual environment, provide various inspection of 3D objects and allows to communicate changes on objects or process between production teams and customers. This paper discus about potential of VR systems in Industry and purpose of usage to improve development process and the use of this technology in the design of future robotic systems. The goal is to compare causal designing methods of robotic work station and method with using VR environment and their possibilities. Development supported by VR systems shortens preproduction phase and brings to user immersive experience with designing product or process without creating physical prototype or real production systems

Evaluations of the voice to text transfer in different conditions

The purpose of the research was evaluations of voice to text transfer in different conditons for the use in the verbal control of industrial robots. The research aims to find the best conditions to command an industrial robot using the human voice. A comprehensive study of existing problems and suggestions for simulation problems has been performed. Unlike some other works, it focused on the simply external problems to affect the voice to text transfer. The main problems of voice to text transfer (speech speed, speaker distance, ambient noise) has been established. The simulation using a personal computer equipped with a sound board and a headset microphone has been performed in all combinations of conditions. On the basis of the analyzes was establish the result of this research, the most suitable conditions and the worst conditions for voice to text transfer

A case study of robotic simulations using virtual commissioning supported by the use of virtual reality

Virtual Commissioning (VC) is a method and tool for verifying and testing the PLC control program on a virtual digital model of the manufacturing system. It allows to visualize and test the control system before the real commissioning of the production systems. The aim of the research is to implement virtual reality (VR) into the VC method and to verify the mutual interaction of signals between the simulation in VR environment, the digital model of the production system and the control system. The introduction of VR in VC increases the concept by adding more realistic visualization and tracking, which extends its validation capabilities. The changes made in VR virtual environment are transferred to the simulation model and can be validated in a real production system. The real production robotic system transformed into a virtual form will be a case study with its verification. Also will be tested security protocols and proven human interaction with the system to control the system through the virtual HMI (virtual user interface) using VR

Into the early steps of Virtual Commissioning in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation using S7-PLCSIM Advanced and STEP 7 TIA Portal

The commissioning of new designs, technologies, production related changes and control codes and strategies has been always a risky milestone to overcome in manufacturing. It has been carried out, in many instances, in a (quasi) poka-yoke way often leading companies to incur extra costs affecting the overall efficiency of a given project. In this regard, the emergence of novel Virtual Commissioning tools and methods have become a great asset adding to the commissioning process the values of shorter times, flexibility and reduced risks. The present paper aims at giving an introductory insight into the early steps of “Virtual Commissioning” in the software Tecnomatix Plant Simulation in conjunction with other engineering tools like the S7-PLCSIM Advanced and STEP 7 TIA Portal. It generally exploressome of the capabilities of the software, and boards the benefits of using it prior to the implementation/real commissioning. The paper further lists key steps related to the realization of this process andmakes emphasis on the interconnection and functioning of all of these tools for Virtual Commissioning purposes. At the end, there is also a simple example that implements and illustrates some of the contents and knowledge addressed

The Simulation of Conveyor Control System Using the Virtual Commissioning and Virtual Reality

Designing of the conveyors and its control system with control program through the design tool “Virtual Commissioning” is very important in the digital era Industry 4.0. Virtual Commissioning was recently used to perform realistic virtual simulations in the early stages of development processes in automation of the conveyors too. The main benefit is the possibility of integrating and testing the control system through the simulation on the virtual model even before physically constructing the conveyor. The contribution focuses on the possibilities of transforming a real conveyor into a virtual model in the Siemens Tecnomatix Process Simulate program and integrating the Siemens S7-300 real control system to control the conveyor itself. In the model it was allowed to test and perform numerous variations and situations without physical intervention into the real conveyor and possible damage functional parts including through virtual reality. These experiments were subsequently evaluated and the control system optimized with respect to material flow and the developed PLC code on virtual model was verified on real conveyor control system