Tecnologia para produção de mudas de citros: conservação do poder germinativo de sementes de 'Trifoliata'.

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Sprachkompetenz als Prädiktor mathematischer Kompetenzentwicklung von Kindern deutscher und nicht-deutscher Familiensprache

Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages bestand darin, anhand der längsschnittlich angelegten Studie Erhebungen zum Lese- und Mathematikverständnis-Entwicklungen in den Jahrgangsstufen 4 bis 6 in Berlin (ELEMENT) den Einfluss von Lesekompetenz auf die Kompetenzentwicklung in Mathematik bei Schülerinnen und Schülern von der 4. bis zur 6. Jahrgangsstufe (N = 3 169) zu analysieren. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, ob Kinder nicht-deutscher Familiensprache unter Kontrolle des sozioökonomischen Status (SES) und der allgemeinen kognitiven Grundfähigkeiten geringere Lernzuwächse in Mathematik erzielen als Kinder deutscher Familiensprache. Der Entwicklungsverlauf der Mathematikkompetenz wurde dabei anhand eines Wachstumskurvenmodells analysiert. Erwartungskonform zeigte sich, dass die Lesekompetenz, auch unter Kontrolle des SES und der allgemeinen kognitiven Grundfähigkeiten, nicht nur signifikant mit der mathematischen Ausgangskompetenz zusammenhing, sondern darüber hinaus auch einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Vorhersage der mathematischen Lernzuwachsraten aller Schülerinnen und Schüler leistete. Obwohl die bestehenden Kompetenzunterschiede in Mathematik zwischen Kindern nicht-deutscher Familiensprache und deutscher Familiensprache größtenteils auf die Lesekompetenz zurückführbar waren, vergrößerten sich die Disparitäten zwischen Kindern deutscher und Kindern nicht-deutscher Familiensprache nicht. (DIPF/Orig.)The aim of the present study was to investigate whether reading comprehension predicts learning gains in mathematics from the fourth to the sixth grade. The study also examined whether second-language learners show smaller learning gains in mathematics than students whose first language is German when socioeconomic status and basic cognitive abilities are controlled for. Learning gains in mathematics (N = 3,169) were modeled using a latent growth model. The findings indicate that the reading comprehension of children predicts not only their mathematical competence in Grade 4, but also their learning gains in mathematics from Grades 4 to 6. Further analyses revealed that differences in mathematical competence between second-language learners and students whose first language is German disappear when controlling for reading comprehension. However, no differences were found in mathematical learning gains between second-language learners and students whose first language is German. (DIPF/Orig.

Working Group “Blue”. Promotion of Low-INput Danube Agriculture in the Mura River Basin (LINDA)

Agriculture is one of the major sources of pollution of the surface water and groundwater of the Danube River Basin. Lying at the intersection of three countries – Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia, together with its transboundary groundwater body, the Mura River Basin represents a challenging pilot area with extensive agriculture. This project aims to reduce agricultural water pollution in the Mura River Basin by introducing low-input sustainable agriculture. The project will: (a) consolidate expert knowledge on low-input sustainable agricultural practices suitable for the Mura River Basin; (b) develop guidelines on the promotion of low-input agricultural practices and (c) promote their adoption by the legislatures of the three participating countries

Protocolo para a produção de mudas certificadas de pessegueiro.

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Do you speak English?: a study on English language proficiency testing of Hispanic defendants in U.S. criminal courts

Hispanics are not only the largest language minority in the United States, but also in U.S. prisons. An increasing number of primarily Spanish-speaking defendants face the legal and linguistic challenges of a U.S. courtroom. Constitutional and statutory protections have been put in place to guarantee that non-native English defendants have access to a court interpreter during their trial. Yet, under these protections it is left to the presiding judge to determine whether a court interpreter is truly needed. Thus, the judge has to determine if the comprehension of the non-native English defendant is “sufficiently inhibited” as to require language assistance during trial. What methods do judges use in order to determine the English proficiency of a primarily Spanish-speaking defendant? How good does the English of a non-native English defendant have to be in order to stand trial without an interpreter? Are the language needs of Hispanics truly an issue in U.S. courts? Would guidelines on how to determine English language proficiency facilitate the judges’ work? In order to answer these questions, one hundred surveys were sent to federal and state criminal court judges in four states (CA, FL, NY, TX). The analysis of the responses returned by the judges showed that language issues of Hispanics are an important issue in U.S. courts. In addition, the answers provided by the judges revealed that non-native English defendants must be able to understand “broadly,” or “everything” that is said at trial, and that they must be able to answer questions in whole sentences in order to be able to stand trial without an interpreter. With regard to methods that judges use in order to determine the English proficiency of a non-native English defendant, the data showed that most judges choose to appoint an interpreter, if one is requested by the defendant. Also, many judges ask the defendant directly whether he/she needs an interpreter. As most judges responded that the request by the defendant is sufficient for him/her to receive an interpreter, they do not agree that a set of guidelines to determine the English proficiency of the defendant would facilitate their work