23 research outputs found
Positive reframing in somatoform and functional disorder - supporting the patients in understanding the sickness
Modern psychiatry with its current classification of diseases and symptom-oriented modern pharmacotherapy ousted the concept of classical German psychiatry genesis of diseases and replaces it with the diagnosis of physiological models of disease. Active participation of the patient in the treatment needs a full understanding of the disease. There are two psychotherapeutic techniques to achieve a new perspective and to develop a new attitude: positive reframing (4) and paradoxical intention (1, 3)
The need for psychological crisis counseling immediately after announcement of death
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΡΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΉ Π·Π° Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ. Π Π°Π·Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° 170 ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ: Π³Ρ. Π (Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅) ΠΈ Π³Ρ. Π (Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ). Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π³Ρ. Π.The article targets at giving a proof for the necessity of redundant psychological assistance after announcement of death and its effectiveness in coping with grief. 170 cases of relatives of deceased people were studied separated into two groups: Group A (relatives of people who died after prolonged illness) and Group B (relatives of people who died after an accident). Their reactions and emotions were registered at the beginning and the end of a session with a therapist. The results show necessity for psychological therapy in both groups, especially for the people in Group B
Acute poisonings with neuroleptics in clinic of toxicology of military Medical academy Varna/Bulgaria registered for 20 year period
Objective: This retrospective study was conducted to follow out acute intoxications with neuroleptics in Varna region, to assess the frequency and proportion depending on other drug and non-pharmacological poisoning.Methods: The objects of the study are 193 patients with acute neuroleptic intoxication treated in the Clinic of toxicology - VMA-MBAL-Varna. The study is retrospective and covers a period of 20 years (1991-2010).Results: Incidence of acute poisoning with neuroleptics is 7.5% of all drug poisoning and 2.5% of general poisoning. Poisoning occurs commonly in women and the majority of poisonings are in people of working age.Conclusion: In recent years, there is a trend for an increase in the absolute number and the proportion of poisonings with neuroleptics. Lethality in these poisonings is not high and is 0.4 percent
Retrobulbar optic neuritis and cystoid macular edema as a first manifestation of lyme disease
Lyme disease is a multi-system disorder caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdoferi. Eye manifestations are a rare involvement. We report two cases of patients who developed a retrobulbar optic neuritis and a cystoid macular edema as a sole clinical presenting in Lyme disease.A 42-year-old female presented with left eye decreased visual acuity and painful ocular movement. Dilated funduscopy and neurological examination were normal. A diagnosis of left eye retrobulbar optic neuritis was made. The brain and spinal cord MRI showed typical lesions characteristic of MS. Serological tests for Lyme disease revealed positive results for IgM ELISA and Western blot. The possible serologically proven Lyme disease was diagnosed. Visual acuity returned to normal following a course of high-dose steroids and intravenous antibiotic, after by oral antibiotic. A 28-year-old male presented with left eye blurred vision and intermittent blurring vision in his right eye. Dilated funduscopy revealed bilateral cystoid macular edema (left more than right). He was positive for Lyme serology, IgM ELISA and Western blot, and intravenous antibiotic therapy was commenced, followed by oral antibiotic. Visual acuity was restored and fuduscopy was normal.In summary, although Lyme disease is an uncommon cause of these neuro-ophthalmic complications, our two patients highlight the importance of considering this disorder as a differential diagnosis and to initiate an early adequate therapy
Malaria - contemporary problem in shipping and maritime tourism
Among the diseases associated with maritime traveling and tourism, malaria continues to pose a major health treat due to its wide distribution in tropical regions and severe and life-threatening clinical course. For the European countries and Bulgaria the major obstructions in the control of malaria and other imported parasitic diseases are the rising number of travels and increased immigration from countries with endemic distribution. Occupational risk of contracting malaria for Bulgarian and foreign ship crews continues to be the most important problem for the Varna region. In a globally connected world, the control of imported malaria and the prevention of its local distribution require both active control and continuous training of general practitioners, ground and naval administration in the constantly changing aspects of the disease and effective collaboration between all of them
Manageable droplet infections in the Dobrich region - past, present and future
ΠΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π₯ΠΠ₯ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π₯Π₯ Π²Π΅ΠΊ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΡΠΌΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΡΠ±Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ
Π° Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 1980 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ - ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ° Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡ
.Π¦Π΅Π» ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 1995- 2012 Π³ΠΎΠ΄.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π° Π ΠΠ, ΠΠ, ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ, Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅, Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΌΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π³Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ (1995-2012 Π³.), ΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅ Π±Π°Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 18-Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ (1995- 2012 Π³.) Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ (1996 Π³., 2001 Π³., 2002 Π³., 2003 Π³., 2004 Π³.). Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ - ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠ° Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π²Π°.Introduction: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century the main cause of mortality in the world was infectious diseases. Scientific advances in the fight against infectious diseases led to the eradication of smallpox in 1980 and implementation of international programs for the eradication of others - measles, mumps, congenital rubella and others. These are vaccine-preventable infections (the socalled manageable infections), for which objective criteria for epidemiological surveillance have been introduced, that allow for timely adjustments in immunization programs and to influence their morbidity.Purpose and tasks: To investigate the registered total infectious and manageable droplet morbidity in the Dobrich region for the 1995-2012 period.Materials and Methods: Reports, analysis of RHI (Regional Health Inspectorate), MH (Ministry of Health), NCIPD (National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases), epidemiological study, epidemiological analysis, statistical methods.Results: We observed the main indicators of epidemiological analysis, which include morbidity, mortality, lethality and incidence by age groups, for a long period (years 1995-2012), since the impact of immunotherapy in droplet infections is a slow process, related to age as well as to government immunization policies.Conclusions: The total infectious morbidity in Dobrich for the studied 18 years period (1995- 2012) was around or below the national average with exception of a few years (1996, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004). The manageable droplet infections - measles, mumps, and rubella have low or no morbidit
Quality of the sea water the Dobrich region and health control
Π£Π²ΠΎΠ΄: ΠΡ 2008 Π³. Π²Π»Π΅Π·Π΅ Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΅Π³Π° Π΅ ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° - ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ» ΠΎΡ Π ΠΠ (Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.)Π¦Π΅Π» ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ - ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ, ΠΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎ, ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π°, Π ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π°, ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΊ, Π·Π° Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅ Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π° 5 Π·Π° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅ (ΠΠ, Π±Ρ. 53/2008 Π³.): ΠΠΠ‘ ENISO7899-1 Π·Π° βΡΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈ Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΈ` ΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘ ENISO 9308-3 Π·Π° βΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ`. Π‘ΠΏΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ° Π²Π·Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Π½Π° GPS.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 20 Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2008-2013 Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ: Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½, Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ Π΄ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠ»Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ, Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅, Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Ρ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ: Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π°, ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ. ΠΠ·Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ° 880 Π±ΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π·Π° 6 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ (Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2008-2013) ΠΎΡ 20 Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ 17.04%, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉ-Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΡΠ» 32.4% Π·Π° 2011 Π³. ΠΈ 31.69% ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2009 Π³., ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 0.70% Π·Π° 2012 ΠΈ 4.92% Π·Π° 2013 Π³.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π» βΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ` ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 2008 Π΄ΠΎ 2011 Π³., a Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ (2012-2013) ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π² 6 ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ°: ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΊ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ 2 ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2013 Π³., ΠΠΎΠΆΡΡΠ΅Ρ-Π’ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2013 Π³., Π’ΡΠ·Π»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2013 Π³., ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2012 ΠΈ 2013 Π³., ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΆ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2013 Π³. ΠΈ Π ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2013 Π³.Introduction: In 2008 the Law on Protection of Public Interest regarding the development of the Black Sea coast came into force. For the first time, with planned restrictions, a separate legal status is introduced r the sensitive area of the coastal strip. The beach boundary between the sea and the coast is a strip - explicit state property. Therefore, marine waters and territorial sea, as well as beaches and land parts are subject to the health control of RHI /Regional Health Inspections/.Aim: A study of the quality of sea water along the Black Sea coast in the Dobrich region- Balchik, Albena, Kranevo, Kavarna, Rusalka, Shabla, Durankulak, to reduce the risk to public health.Materials and Methods: Monitoring of bathing waters is made under the indicators included in Ordinance 5 for the quality management of bathing water (SG, issue 53 / 2008): BS EN ISO7899-1 for `intestinal enterococci` and BS EN ISO 9308-3 for `E.coli` The requirements for minimum frequency sampling were observed. Samples were taken from the designated with geographical coordinates points. GPS was used for their exact determination.Results: The characteristics of points for sampling from 1 to 20 2008-2013 were analyzed by: geografic location, terrain, bathing area, access to the area, characteristics of the seabed, average depth, attendance, pollution, water sports practice, sea water temperature, rainfall, point sources of pollution. Three Black Sea municipalities were investigated: Shabla, Kavarna and Balchik. The number of taken and analyzed samples for a 6-year /2008-2013/ period from 20 bathing areas each with one point for sampling of sea water was 880. Non-standard samples of sea waters were found from an average of 17.04%, the highest relative percentage of 32.14% was for 2011 and 31.69% - for 2009. After that, it has declined rapidly to 0.70% for 2012 and 4.92% for 2013.Conclusions: Deviations from health norms by indicator `Escherichia coli` are found in almost all points in the period 2008 to 2011, and in the last two years / 2012-2013/ separate deviations are found in 6 points: Durankulak North 2 over the year 2013, Bozhurets-Topola in 2013, in Albena - 2013, Balchik Palace - 2012 and 2013, Balchik - New Beach - in 2013 and Robinson - in 2013
Drinking water in the black sea municipalities in the Dobrich region
Π£Π²ΠΎΠ΄: ΠΠ°ΠΉ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ° Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Ρ.Π¦Π΅Π» ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ: ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ, ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π°, Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π°, Π·Π° 6 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2008-2013 Π³.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π° 9 Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, (ΠΎΠ±Π½. ΠΠ, Π±Ρ.30 ΠΎΡ 2001 Π³.). ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅: Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π°, ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡ 6% Π·Π° 2008 Π³. Π·Π° ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ 70% Π·Π° ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2011 Π³. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π» Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π² 6 Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π° - Π² 2 Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π» Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π°, ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 40 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΡΡ 110 ΠΊΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡ 6% Π·Π° 2009 Π³. Π΄ΠΎ 13% ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2012 ΠΈ 2013 Π³., Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π¨Π°Π±Π»Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° 31% Π·Π° 2009 Π³. Π΄ΠΎ 12% Π·Π° 2013 Π³., Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ 25.4% Π·Π° 2009 Π΄ΠΎ 70% ΠΏΡΠ΅Π· 2011 Π³. ΠΈ 38% ΠΈ 22% Π·Π° 2012 ΠΈ 2013 Π³.Introduction: The most common and widespread health risks associated with drinking water are dependent upon geological conditions, natural and anthropogenic chemicals above certain levels,as well as upon pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites in it. Aim: To investigate the quality of drinking water in the coast municipalities in the Dobrich region: Balchik, Kavarna and Shabla for a 6-year monitoring period (2008-2013).Materials and Methods: Data from monitoring joint programs in areas which supply water for the Black Sea coast municipalities: Shabla, Kavarna, Balchik with total beam sampling and testing for chemical and microbiological parameters of drinking water at the tap of the consumer, according to Ordinance 9 regarding the quality of drinking water and such for household purposes (Ren. SG issue 30/2001).Results: Non-standard samples by municipalities are in a wide range from 6% in 2008 for Balchik to 70% for Kavarna in 2011. Non-standard samples in Kavarna municipality are with permanent deviations in the indicator nitrates in 6 settlements, in the municipality of Shabla-in two settlements, which affects the overall indicator of non-standard values for microbiological and chemical parameters. The water supply network in the municipalities along the Black Sea coast: Shabla, Kavarna and Balchik is more than 40 years old, covering a 110 km length of the coast.Conclusions: Deviations from the norm in Balchik municipality are 6% for 2009, up to 13% in 2012 and 2013. In Shabla municipality deviations are in the range from 31% for 2009 to 12% in 2013. Kavarna municipality registered deviations from 25.4% in 2009 to 70% in 2011 and 38% and 22% for 2012 and 2013
Dissemination of anthrax in humans in stationary anthrax outbreaks in Dobrudzha region
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠ° Π°Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π΅ Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°.Π¦Π΅Π»: ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° 1991-2013 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈ: ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ°.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π±Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°, a ΠΏΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈΡΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ.ΠΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ: Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ Π² ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉ, Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π΄ΡΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π°Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² 9 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 23-Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, Π² 5 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³Π½Π°ΡΠΈ 11 Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.Anthrax is a zoonotic disease, which is spread mainly by carcasses of infected and dead domestic and wild animals. In people it is spread by contact with infected animals, contaminated soil, meat and objects which were in contact with the body.Aim: To investigate the relationship between geographic conditions of the soil and the spread of anthrax in humans for the period 1991-2013 year in the Dobrich region.Materials: We have used data from the official registration of communicable diseases in the Dobrich region and in the country.Methods: We have used partial epidemiological analysis, cartographic methods, statistical methods. Results: The specific distribution of anthrax depends on the extent of livestock farming in a given area and the nature of the soils, where spores fall. The existence and survival of the bacillus in the soil is influenced not so much by the temperature and humidity, but rather by the presence of organic compounds that serve as favorable microbial substrate.Conclusions: Black soil in the Dobrudzha region, with the accumulation of humus in significant quantities, being slightly alkaline or neutral and containing many other organic substances are suitable for longterm storage of invasive spores, including anthrax. Anthrax in humans in Dobrich were registered in nine years, from the studied 23-year period in 5 municipalities, with 11 affected settlements