Deep- Sea Bacteria and Their Biotechnological Potentials

Deep-sea environment characterized by its low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, limited nutrient contents, and constant darkness has been a hostile environment for most marine microorganisms. Therefore it is a home for low temperature and high pressure-loving bacteria believed to functionally over shallow water intruders. Deep-sea has been regarded as rainforests in terms of their microbial diversity. Thus, the deep-sea should commend itself to microbiologists and biotechnologists alike as source of novel microorganisms and exploitable properties. Near Indonesia several deep-sea trenches exist with diverse environmental conditions. However, up to now there has been no effort to study the microbial communities of those deep-sea environments by Indonesian scientists. This is mainly because of the lack of knowledge in the field of deep-sea microbiology in Indonesia

Antibacterial Activity of Sponge Associated-bacteria Isolated From North Java Sea

A total of 90 bacterial isolates were obtained from association with sponges collected from Bandengan water, Jepara and Karimun island of Karimunjawa islands in the north java sea. Antibacterial screening by using a pathogenic Escherichia coli indicated that two isolates BSP.12 and MKSP.5 inhihited the growth of tested strain. Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA approach revealed that isolate BSP.12 was closely related to Vibrio harveyi with a homology of 100% and isolate MKSP.5 showed highest similarity to Brachybacterium rhamnosum (99%), respectively.A PCR-based approach by using specific primers targeting the occurrence of gene fragments necessary for the biosynthesis of major natural products, namely Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and Polyketide synthases (PKS) was applied to estimate the genetic potential of these active strains. Both isolates were capable of amplifying the NRPS gene fragments but not the PKS gene fragments

Anti-bacterial Property of a Coral-associated Bacterium Bacillus SP. Against Coral Pathogenic Bbd (Black Band Disease)

Marine organisms such as corals are frequently colonized by bacteria that may be pathogenicto them. One of the means by which they are able to combat microbial attack is by chemical defense. Anumber of metabolites obtained from algae and invertebrates may be produced by associatedmicroorganisms. The purpose of study was to isolate and characterize of coral-associated bacteriahaving antibacterial potency against BBD coral disease. A coral-associated bacterium, KM2 isolate,was successfully screened for antibacteria production against indigenous BBD pathogenic bacteriabased on PCR amplification of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene and was identified as closelyrelated to Bacilus sp based on its 16S rDNA.. KM2 strain was found to inhibit the growth of coralpathogenic BBD bacteria tested Myroides odoratimimus strain BBD1, Bacillus algicola Strain BBD2and Marine Alcaligenes bacterium Strain BBD3. This bacterium was found to inhibit the growth of allthose BBD coral pathogenic bacteria

Phylogenetic Diversity of Secondary Metabolite Producing-bacteria Associated with Sponges From Bandengan Waters, Jepara

A total of 13 bacterial isolates associated with sponges collected from Bandengan water, Jepara, North Java Sea, Indonesia, was successfully screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. Active bacterial isolates were rapidly grouped by using rep-PCR and a dendrogram was constructed. Six isolates were further selected based on the constructed dendrogram for subsequent DNA sequencings, resulted in the richness of secondary metabolite-producing bacteria associated with sponges from Bandengan having closest similarity to Pseudoalteromonas, Brachybacterium, Vibrio, alpha proteobacterium and uncultured bacterium clones

Phylogenetic Relationship of Barophilic Bacteria From Northwestern Pacific Ocean

In order to elucidate the role of hydrostatic pressure on the distribution of marine microorganisms, deep-sea water samples from north-western Pacific Ocean were collected and used as the source of barophilic bacteria. One isolate, JTW-863 was obtained from a depth of 6000 m, while two isolates, MTW-1 and MTW-13, were obtained from a depth of 10,500 m. Phylogenetic analysis based on PCR-amplified 16S rDNA revealed that JTW-863 belonged to Moritella, while MTW-1 was mostly related to Shewanella. On the other hand, MTW-13 was affiliated with the uncultured clone NB1-d from deep environment

Uji Fitokimia Dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Kasar Gastropoda (Telescopium Telescopium) Terhadap Larva Artemia Salina

Gastropod is one of the marine organisms that can be used as a source of natural bioactive compounds, one of which is Telescopium telescopium. T. telescopium until now it has not been yet exploited optimally, some people still use it as feed ingredients that contain high protein nutrition, however it must be supported by scientific information about the efficacy and side effects. This research aims at determining the secondary metabolite by crude extract T. telescopium, and the lethal toxicity value (LC50-24 hours). The research consisted of two steps, namely the phytochemical and toxicity test. The method used exploratif and experimental laboratory with a complete randomized design, which consited of five concentration treatments namely 25.12, 63.1, 158.5, 398.15, and 1000 ppm with three replications. Each treatment used 10 Artemia salina larvae, and observations were made during 24 hours of Artemia salina larvae mortality. LC50 was determined by probit analysis using the EPA Probit Analysis Program Version 1.5 Finney. The results of the phytochemical test showed that crude extract T. telescopium contain alkaloid compounds, steroids, flavonoids. The results BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) of crude extract T. telescopium LC50-24 hours showed that the crude extract clorofom (229.562 ppm), crude extract ethyl acetate (244.906 ppm), and crude extract methanol (197.242 ppm). LC50-24 hours < 1000 ppm showed that the crude extract Telescopium telescopium potent antitumor compounds

Identifikasi Pigmen Karotenoid Pada Bakteri Simbion Rumput Laut Kappahycus Alvarezii

Carotenoid is one of the most important pigments that have important roles for human health. Carotenoids are believed to improve the better immune responses, anticancer, antioxidant, provitamin A and are also used in the treatment of disease that are sensitive to light. Carotenoids are yellow pigments, orange to red pigments and usually found in vegetables and fruits, and are also found in animals, humans, fungi and bacteria. The aims of study were to analyze carotenoid pigments from bacterial symbionts from seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and to identify bacterial symbionts that produce carotenoid pigments. Pigment analysis was performed by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Bacterial identification was performed based on biochemical tests. These results showed that from 12 bacterial symbionts isolated, there were 2 isolates that positively synthesize carotenoids pigments, ECJ K and ECJ OR bacteria. ECJ K bacterium contained of Violaxanthin and α-carotene pigments. While ECJ OR bacterium contained of Diadinoxanthin, Neoxanthin, γ-carotene, β-carotene and α-carotene pigments. Bacterial identification showed that ECJ K bacterium was Brevibacterium maris and ECJ OR bacterium was Micrococcus varians. This result showed that bacterial symbionts of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii contained various pigments including in carotenoid pigments

Characterization and Identification of Strain Km221, a Novel Mcpa Herbicide-degrading Bacterium Isolated From Coral Surface, Menjangan Kecil Island, Karimunjawa

In this study, bacterial strain KM221 was isolated from coral tissue in Menjangan Kecil Island, Karimunjawa, Indonesia. This strain is facultative anaerobic with MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid) serving as the only known energy sources. Microscopy of isolate revealed that strain KM221 is gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod, spore-forming bacterium, motile, opaque, hair-like outgrowth and unpigmented colonies. The bacterium could not be identified on the basis of its carbon-source-utilization pattern, but a partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA analysis suggest that this strain is closely related to Bacillus iodinum.The ability to degrade MCPA herbicide was examined qualitatively in EMBA indicator medium. This bacterium grew exponentially with MCPA as the sole source of energy and carbon. The maximum growth rate (m max) and the saturated concentration on MCPA (Cs) were determined to be 0.8024 h-1 and 5.10 mg/l MCPA, respectively