Realizacija projekata sanacije klizišta u Srbiji u 2016. g.

After activation of numerous landslides in Serbia in the spring of 2006 and especially after the floods in May 2014, as well as after occurrences of new and reactivation of older landslides, there was an evident need for the national authorities to choose the systematic approach. This enabled, along with providing financial resources and after finalising project proposals, the start of the implementation of various engineering works on remediation of landslides across Serbia and especially in urbanised areas and where transport infrastructure was at the highest risk. The current dynamics of the implementation of projects related to landslide remediation, implemented through The Public Investment Management Office is presented in this paper. The endeavor of the state is evident to use financial support received from international community for the purpose of water damage recovery after the floods in May 2014 in a most possible effective and useful way, with the entire process completely transparent. Through Serbian Government's Public Investment Management Office (former Office for Flood Affected Areas Assistance and Rehabilitation) the implementation of remediation of over thirty landslides in different areas in Serbia is in its final phase. More precise data on the degree of implementation of the works on stabilisation of the terrain and prices of construction works are presented in this paper in detail, concerning that the data is being updated almost daily. Some of the landslides were repaired during the spring; for some supplementary project documentation had been develope; for all landslides tendering procedures were implemented in order to select the contractor with the most favorable offer. For projects and conduction of remedial works (mostly related to slope stabilization in zones of transport routes) financial resources were obtained through EU Solidarity Fund. Remedial works at the location of all the included landslides have to be finished by the middle of September 2016. Dozens of experts in the field of engineering geology and geotechnical engineering from the entire country participated in the development of necessary geotechnical basis for the appropriate design of remediation measures. Directly under the UNOPS-ROADS project within the next year, around 30 more landslides of different sizes, activated on the roads of Serbia will be repaired

Realizacija projekata sanacije klizišta u Srbiji u 2016. g.

After activation of numerous landslides in Serbia in the spring of 2006 and especially after the floods in May 2014, as well as after occurrences of new and reactivation of older landslides, there was an evident need for the national authorities to choose the systematic approach. This enabled, along with providing financial resources and after finalising project proposals, the start of the implementation of various engineering works on remediation of landslides across Serbia and especially in urbanised areas and where transport infrastructure was at the highest risk. The current dynamics of the implementation of projects related to landslide remediation, implemented through The Public Investment Management Office is presented in this paper. The endeavor of the state is evident to use financial support received from international community for the purpose of water damage recovery after the floods in May 2014 in a most possible effective and useful way, with the entire process completely transparent. Through Serbian Government's Public Investment Management Office (former Office for Flood Affected Areas Assistance and Rehabilitation) the implementation of remediation of over thirty landslides in different areas in Serbia is in its final phase. More precise data on the degree of implementation of the works on stabilisation of the terrain and prices of construction works are presented in this paper in detail, concerning that the data is being updated almost daily. Some of the landslides were repaired during the spring; for some supplementary project documentation had been develope; for all landslides tendering procedures were implemented in order to select the contractor with the most favorable offer. For projects and conduction of remedial works (mostly related to slope stabilization in zones of transport routes) financial resources were obtained through EU Solidarity Fund. Remedial works at the location of all the included landslides have to be finished by the middle of September 2016. Dozens of experts in the field of engineering geology and geotechnical engineering from the entire country participated in the development of necessary geotechnical basis for the appropriate design of remediation measures. Directly under the UNOPS-ROADS project within the next year, around 30 more landslides of different sizes, activated on the roads of Serbia will be repaired

Examples of landslide stabilization costs on the road infrastructure

Pri sanaciji klizišta, pojave koja je veoma česta na putevima Srbije, brojne su nepoznanice kod procene troškova radova predviđenih za njihovu stabilizaciju. Veoma su važni uticajni činioci većeg broja promenljivih (kojima se opisuju svojstva terena i dimenzije kliznog tela) na cenu konstrukcije pri saniranju klizišta. Takođe, građevinski zahvati koji se izvode u cilju poboljšanja stabilnosti padina su dosta raznovrsni, što uz različite uzroke pojave klizišta i njihove elemente, ima za posledicu široke raspone utrošenih sredstava po sanaciji. Kako je apsolutno neophodno stabilizovati ugrožene saobraćajnice ili druge objekte na nestabilnim terenima, veoma je važno, svakako i za našu državu, racionalno korišćenje sredstava koja se opravdano izdvajaju u tu svrhu.Landslides are frequent natural hazard occurrence on the road network in Serbia. During their stabilization, there are usually uncertainties regarding stabilization work price evaluation. Conditioning factors of numerous variables (that are describing the terrain properties and landslides dimensions) which are affecting the final price of stabilization are of great importance. Also, construction works that are usually performed for the purpose of slope stabilization are various, and when they are combined with different landslide triggering factors and their elements - as a consequence we have a significant discrepancy of funds that are spent for stabilization. Since absolute stabilization of landslides that are occurring across infrastructure and other objects on unstable slopes is necessary, it is very important for each country and Serbia as well to rationalize the use of budget funds that are allocated for that purpose

Examples of landslide stabilization costs on the road infrastructure

Pri sanaciji klizišta, pojave koja je veoma česta na putevima Srbije, brojne su nepoznanice kod procene troškova radova predviđenih za njihovu stabilizaciju. Veoma su važni uticajni činioci većeg broja promenljivih (kojima se opisuju svojstva terena i dimenzije kliznog tela) na cenu konstrukcije pri saniranju klizišta. Takođe, građevinski zahvati koji se izvode u cilju poboljšanja stabilnosti padina su dosta raznovrsni, što uz različite uzroke pojave klizišta i njihove elemente, ima za posledicu široke raspone utrošenih sredstava po sanaciji. Kako je apsolutno neophodno stabilizovati ugrožene saobraćajnice ili druge objekte na nestabilnim terenima, veoma je važno, svakako i za našu državu, racionalno korišćenje sredstava koja se opravdano izdvajaju u tu svrhu.Landslides are frequent natural hazard occurrence on the road network in Serbia. During their stabilization, there are usually uncertainties regarding stabilization work price evaluation. Conditioning factors of numerous variables (that are describing the terrain properties and landslides dimensions) which are affecting the final price of stabilization are of great importance. Also, construction works that are usually performed for the purpose of slope stabilization are various, and when they are combined with different landslide triggering factors and their elements - as a consequence we have a significant discrepancy of funds that are spent for stabilization. Since absolute stabilization of landslides that are occurring across infrastructure and other objects on unstable slopes is necessary, it is very important for each country and Serbia as well to rationalize the use of budget funds that are allocated for that purpose

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DIMETHYLAMINE VAPORS EMISSION: HERBICIDE PRODUCTION PLANT

The widely used herbicide, dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D-DMA), is usually prepared by mixing a dimethylamine (DMA) aqueous solution with a solid 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). The vapors of the both, reactants and products, are potentially hazardous for the environment. The contribution of DMA vapors in overall pollution from this process is most significant, concerning vapor pressures data of these pollutants. Therefore, the control of the air pollution in the manufacture and handling of methylamines is very important. Within this paper, the optimal air pollution control system in preparation of 2,4-D-DMA was developed for the pesticides manufacturing industry. This study employed the simple pollution prevention concept to reduce the emission of DMA vapors at the source. The investigations were performed on the pilot plant scale. To reduce the emission of DMA vapors, the effluent gases from the herbicide preparation zone were passed through the packed bed scrubber (water - scrubbing medium), and the catalytic reactor in sequence. The end result is a substantially improved air quality in the working area, as well as in the urbanized areas located near the chemical plant

Sagorevanje tečnog otpada fabrike pesticida u fluidizovanom sloju

Industrial liquid wastes can be in the form of solutions, suspensions, sludges, scums or waste oil and have organic properties. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a fluidized bed as a clean technology for burning liquid waste from a pesticide production plant. The combustion of liquid waste mixtures, obtained from realistic samples, was investigated in a pilot scale fluidized bed with quartz sand particles of 0.63-1.25 mm in diameter and 2610 kg/m3 in density at 800-950°C. To ensure complete combustion of liquid waste and additional fuel, the combustion chamber was supplied with excess air and the U/UmF (at ambient temperature) was in between 1.1 and 2.3. In the fluidized bed chamber, liquid waste, additional liquid fuel and air can be brought into intense contact sufficient to permit combustion in bed without backfire problems. The experimental results show that the fluidized bed furnace offers excellent thermal uniformity and temperature control. The results of the combustion tests showed that degradation of liquid wastes can be successfully realized in a fluidized bed with no harmful gaseous emissions by ensuring that the temperatures of both the bed and the freeboard are not lower than 900°C.Industrijski tečni otpad može biti u obliku rastvora, suspenzija, mulja, pene, otpadnog ulja i generalno sadrži različite organske komponente. Predmet ovog rada je demonstracija tretmana tečnog otpada sa visokim sadržajem zagađujućih materija fabrike za proizvodnju pesticida metodom termičke destrukcije u fluidizovanom sloju peska kao tehnički praktične i optimalne tehnologije. Ispitivanja sagorevanja realnih tečnih otpadnih smeša fabrike pesticida su izvršena u poluindustrijskom-demonstracionom postrojenju, tj. u fluidizacionoj koloni sa slojem kvarcnog peska granulacije 0,63-1,25 mm i gustine 2610 kg/m3 na 800-950°C. U cilju obezbeđenja potpunog sagorevanja tečnog otpada, u fluidizacionu kolonu je uvođen vazduh u višku i odnos U/UmF (na temperaturi okoline) je iznosio između 1,1 i 2,3. U fluidizacionoj koloni se tečni otpad, dodatno tečno gorivo i vazduh mogu dovesti u stanje intenzivnog kontakta što omogućava stabilno i homogeno sagorevanje u sloju. Rezultati eksperimentalnih ispitivanja pokazuju da se u fluidizovanom sloju peska ostvaruje veoma dobra termička uniformnost i kontrola temperatura. Rezultati ispitivanja sagorevanja su pokazali da se tečni otpad sa visokim sadržajem zagađujućih materija može uspešno termički tretirati u fluidizovanom sloju peska bez emisije štetnih produkata sagorevanja, pod uslovom da su u sloju i iznad sloja obezbeđene temperature iznad 900°C

Catalytic incineration of ethylene oxide in the packed bed reactor

Investigations of catalytic incineration of ethylene oxide (ETO) over Pt/Al2O3 catalyst have been conducted on laboratory and pilot scale level. The measurements of the reaction rate conducted under gradientless conditions have been used to evaluate kinetics parameters valuable for reactor modeling. A reactor model is proposed which could a priori predict behavior of catalytic convertor under various operating conditions (inlet temperature, inlet pollutant concentration and space velocity) based on the kinetics parameters and mass and energy balances. The results show satisfactory agreement between predicted and experimental values of conversion and temperature profiles along the catalyst bed

Removal of volatile organic compounds from activated carbon by thermal Desorption and catalytic combustion

The thermal desorption of saturated activated carbon discharged from an industrial adsorber and catalytic oxidation of desorbed products over a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated. The activated carbon is almost completely regenerated by flushing with air at 200 degrees C for 30 min. Desorbed products are fully oxidized over the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst above 275 degrees C