Effect of integration of supplemental nutrition with public health programmes in pregnancy and early childhood on cardiovascular risk in rural Indian adolescents: long term follow-up of Hyderabad nutrition trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether integration of nutritional supplementation with other public health programmes in early life reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in undernourished populations. DESIGN: Approximately 15 years' follow-up of participants born within an earlier controlled, community trial of nutritional supplementation integrated with other public health programmes. SETTING: 29 villages (15 intervention, 14 control) near Hyderabad city, south India. PARTICIPANTS: 1165 adolescents aged 13-18 years. INTERVENTION: Balanced protein-calorie supplementation (2.51 MJ, 20 g protein) offered daily to pregnant women and preschool children aged under 6 years, coupled with integrated delivery of vertical public health programmes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Height, adiposity, blood pressures, lipids, insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score), and arterial stiffness (augmentation index). RESULTS: The participants from the intervention villages were 14 mm (95% confidence interval 4 to 23; P=0.007) taller than controls but had similar body composition. The participants from the intervention villages had more favourable measures of insulin resistance and arterial stiffness: 20% (3% to 39%; P=0.02) lower HOMA score and 3.3% (1% to 5.7%; P=0.008) lower augmentation index. No strong evidence existed for differences in blood pressures and serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: In this undernourished population, integrated delivery of supplemental nutrition with other public health programmes in pregnancy and early childhood was associated with a more favourable profile of cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescence. This pragmatic study provides the most robust evidence to date on this important hypothesis for which classic trials are unlikely. Improved maternal and child nutrition may have a role in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease in low income and middle income countries

Validation of Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) Advisories (2006 – 2007)

The Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) Advisories are being generated and disseminated by Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). The methodology used for generation of these advisories and the scientific basis behind the identification of the PFZ locations was described. With a view to validate these PFZ Advisories and to assess the potential benefits to the fishing community, INCOIS had undertaken PFZ validation experiments at various places under the leadership of fishery experts. Simultaneous fishing operations have been conducted within the PFZ Areas and outside PFZ Areas using identical vessels. The quantitative results of the experiments were described

Puntius madhusoodani (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of barb from Manimala River, Kerala, South India

Puntius madhusoodani, a new species of barb is described from Manimala River, Kerala, South India. This species can be distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of following characters: presence of one pair of short maxillary barbels less than eye diameter and 4.39% in SL, a smaller snout forming 8.06% in SL, 25-26 lateral line scales; dorsal fin inserted nearer to tip of snout, than to caudal fin base; absence of spot at the dorsal fin base; paired fins hyaline, and the branched rays of the dorsal and anal fin tinted with black

Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis nom.nov., a replacement name for the giant wrinkled frog from the Western Ghats

Amphibian research in the Western Ghats looks promising, as 21 new species have been described since 2000. Moreover, it has also provided better insights into the aspects of biogeography, Gondwana relicts and endemism. On the other hand, lack of proper systematics is leading to ambiguities and chaos in amphibian taxonomy. We are presenting a case of a recently described species, Nyctibatrachus hussaini, as an invalid name due to lack of typification and deposition of type specimen in any museum. Here we propose a replacement name for the species – Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis nom. nov., – as well as holotype designation and vouchering the same in a museum

A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India

A new species of the oriental shrub frog genus Philautus is described from Kakkayam Reserve Forest of Calicut district, Kerala state, in the southern Western Ghats. This species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of characters such as body small, elongate, squat and flat; head arched, wider than long; snout short rounded, equal or sub equal to diameter of eye; canthus rostralis rounded; tympanum indistinct but visible; eyes protruding, pupil with striking golden yellow dentition like marks; belly granular; vocal sac unpigmented; fleshy brown to cream yellow dorsum with two distinct golden yellow lateral bands bordered by dark brown from upper eyelid to the posterior part of flanks. A description of the advertisement calls and ecology and natural history notes are also provided for the new species which so far is only known from the type locality