Tuinarchitect Lucas Pieters Roodbaard (1782-1851) en de landschapsstijl

The landscape architect Lucas Pieters Roodbaard (Rolde 1782-Leeuwarden 1851), representing the landscape style, made a significant contribution to garden design in the Netherlands. He virtually had the monopoly of constructing gardens and parks for the elite and authorities in Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe between 1819 and 1851. The work of major architects in England, Germany and the Netherlands has been examined in order to position him in the wider context of landscape architecture in Northwestern Europe. Starting in England, the landscape style spread to the continent from around 1750.Roodbaard’s biography has been described emphasising his education and expertise. Originally he was a gardener, portrait painter and from 1819 landscape architect for country houses. The network relations of the patrons and the appreciation of his work have been focused on.Roodbaard’s oeuvre, drawing style and the influence by colleagues have been examined. His work reflects the influence of the sample book by colleague Gijsbert van Laar and, through him, the influence of German landscape architects and theorists. Roodbaard was able to develop an individual style in which his visual ability as a draftsman and painter prevailed. A new addition is the study of his working method and the implementation of the projects based on so far unknown archive material and descriptions of contemporary authors.Although Roodbaard did not train successors, his work found imitation and appreciation. The latter has been recorded in ego-documents and travel accounts of contemporaries but most striking is the appreciation from his well-known colleague Leonard Springer

To Will or Not to Will: The Evolution of willy-nilly

Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Role of Learnability in Grammatical Theory (1996

Multilingual Lexicography with a Focus on Less-Resourced Languages: Data Mining, Expert Input, Crowdsourcing, and Gamification

This paper looks at the challenges that the Kamusi Project faces for acquiring open lexical data for less-resourced languages (LRLs), of a range, depth, and quality that can be useful within Human Language Technology (HLT). These challenges include accessing and reforming existing lexicons into interoperable data, recruiting language specialists and citizen linguists, and obtaining large volumes of quality input from the crowd. We introduce our crowdsourcing model, specifically (1) motivating participation using a “play to pay” system, games, social rewards, and material prizes; (2) steering the crowd to contribute structured and reliable data via targeted questions; and (3) evaluating participants’ input through crowd validation and statistical analysis to ensure that only trust-worthy material is incorporated into Kamusi’s master database. We discuss the mobile application Kamusi has developed for crowd participation that elicits high-quality structured data directly from each language’s speakers through narrow questions that can be answered with a minimum of time and effort. Through the integration of existing lexicons, expert input, and innovative methods of acquiring knowledge from the crowd, an accurate and reliable multilingual dictionary with a focus on LRLs will grow and become available as a free public resource

A Unified Account of the Japanese Causative, Moraw-Benefactive, and Passive Constructions

Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Structure (1997

Pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. Internal limiting membrane delamination vs posterior hyaloid removal. A prospective randomized trial

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus, as well as subsequent ocular complications such as cystoid macular edema (CME), are of fundametal socio-economic relevance. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal on longterm morphological and functional outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and chronic CME without evident vitreomacular traction. METHOD: Forty eyes with attached posterior hyaloid were included in this prospective trial and randomized intraoperatively. Prior focal (n = 31) or panretinal (n = 25) laser coagulation was permitted. Group I (n = 19 patients) underwent surgical induction of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), group II (n = 20 patients) PVD and removal of the ILM. Eleven patients with detached posterior hyaloid (group III) were not randomized, and ILM removal was performed. One eye had to be excluded from further analysis. Examinations included ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography (FLA) and OCT at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Main outcome measure was BCVA at 6 months, secondary was foveal thickness. RESULTS: Mean BCVA over 6 months remained unchanged in 85% of patients of group II, and decreased in 53% of patients of group I. Results were not statistically significant different [group I: mean decrease log MAR 95% CI (0.06; 0.32), group II: (-0.02; 0.11)]. OCT revealed a significantly greater reduction of foveal thickness following PVD with ILM removal [group I: mean change: 95% CI (-208.95 μm; -78.05 μm), group II: (-80.90 μm: +59.17 μm)]. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy, PVD with or without ILM removal does not improve vision in patients with DM type 2 and cystoid diabetic macular edema without evident vitreoretinal traction. ILM delamination shows improved morphological results, and appears to be beneficial in eyes with preexisting PVD

The Impact of Artificial Technology on Authors of a Cinematographic Creation

Algorithmic systems are used almost everywhere in our everyday lives and have strongly made their indispensable way into the film industry. This new reality has changed the rigid entertainment business models and has significantly impacted copyright law. The critical question that arises is how cinematographic authorship rights are affected by artificial contributions. Consequently, the main issue at hand is determining the legal status of the film author when it comes to using artificially created works. Since the film is a collectively created work of art, the possible authors were first determined by reviewing the relevant regulations. During this analysis, it has been revealed that an artificially created effort that lacks human creative participation is not considered a contribution and, consequently, not an author in the dogmatic copyright systems. This opens Pandora's box about the philosophical question of whether an artificial intelligence can or must be equated with a natural person if the creative cognitive processes are like those of a human being. Despite correct approaches, the well-intentioned proposals of the legal systems examined need to be revised. Solutions such as the e-person, the factually attributable natural person and a particular form of fair use will be experimented with in the future. A final national and international copyright solution for filmmakers has yet to be seen on the horizon