Flow trees for exploring spatial trajectories

A trajectory is a directed path that defines a link between two spatial locations. That path may be as simple as the Euclidean shortest distance between a start and end point, or may involve a more complex traversal through time and space to travel from start to end. Within GI analysis, trajectories are used to represent phenomena such as movement of people as migration and commuting, good

Discovery exhibition: using spatial treemaps in local authority decision making and reporting

At Leicestershire County Council we are using spatial treemaps to analyse labour markets and commuting behaviour. This novel visualization technique, presented at InfoVis 2008, has resulted in a number of insights and discoveries. Transport planners in our organization indicate that the graphics are effective and have advantages over alternatives. As researchers in the local authority we report upon using these graphics to inform decision makers and residents in the county’s evidence base for sustainable transport planning

The Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013: How accessible is accessory liability

With the enactment of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013, New Zealand’s securities law has been revolutionised. This essay focuses on the introduction of accessory liability for any person “involved in a contravention” under s 533. Historically the standard for civil accessory liability has been unclear, with New Zealand currently using two different approaches. This article reviews relevant cases from Australia and New Zealand and forms a view on the appropriate standard for liability under s 533. To assess the reach of s 533, the conclusions are then tested by application to three previous cases