Replicating Programs in Social Markets

This paper details the multiple factors that must be taken into account in assessing a programs chances of being successfully replicated, and investigates the various dimensions of replicability -- the program, the process, and the market. The dimensions of replicability represent a systematic method for parsing the opportunity that arises when a program model appears ready for broader implementation

Capturing the Essential Elements

When a program with demonstrated effectiveness is expanded, knowing how it works and why it works the way it does is an indispensable first step in preserving its quality. This report draws on P/PV's experience with different programs to show how to define a model's essential elements to increase the chances of successful replication. It contains lessons for program developers, funders and practitioners interested in adopting model programs

Southern California marine sport fishing from privately-owned boats: catch and effort for July-September 1981

The catch landed and effort expended by private-boat sport fishermen were studied in southern California between July and September 1981, in order to determine the impact of one segment of the sport fishery on local marine resources. Fishermen returning from fishing trips were interviewed at launch ramps, hoists, and boat-rental facilities. This report contains quantitative data and statistical estimates of total effort, total catch, catch of preferred species, and length frequencies for those species whose catches are regulated by minimum size limits. An estimated 356,000 organisms were landed by 134,000 anglers and 5,400 divers. The major components of the catch were Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus, 89,000 landed; Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis, 82,000 landed; white croaker, Genyonemus lineatus, 34,000 landed; and bass, Paralabrax spp., 33,000 landed. These species made up two-thirds of the total catch. Anglers' compliance with size-limit regulations was variable. Approximately 88% of all measured bass were legal size. The proportion of legal-size white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, rose from 9% last quarter to 18% this quarter, but dropped for California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, from 79% to 66%. Divers' compliance with size limits on abalone, Haliotis spp., rose slightly from 89% to 91%. (31pp.

Southern California marine sport fishing from privately owned boats: catch and effort for April - June 1982

The catch landed and effort expended by private-boat sport fishermen in southern California were studied between April and June 1982, in order to determine the impact of this segment of the sport fishery on local marine resources. Fishermen returning from fishing trips were interviewed at launch ramps, hoists, and boat-rental facilities. This report contains quantitative data and statistical estimates of total effort, total catch, catch of preferred species, and length frequencies for those species whose catches are regulated by minimum size limits. An estimated 213,000 organisms were landed by 102,000 anglers and 3,300 divers. The major components of the catch were white croaker, Genyonemus lineatus (56,000 landed); and Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus (43,000 landed). Together these two species made up almost one half of the estimated southern California sport catch. Anglers' compliance with size limit regulations was variable. Approximately 91% of all basses, Paralabrax spp., measured were legal size. Only 10% of the white seabass, Stractoscion nobilis, were larger than the minimum size limit imposed on March 1, 1982. Divers' compliance with size limit regulations on abalone, averaged 94%. (33pp.

Spin and energy evolution equations for a wide class of extended bodies

We give a surface integral derivation of the leading-order evolution equations for the spin and energy of a relativistic body interacting with other bodies in the post-Newtonian expansion scheme. The bodies can be arbitrarily shaped and can be strongly self-gravitating. The effects of all mass and current multipoles are taken into account. As part of the computation one of the 2PN potentials parametrizing the metric is obtained. The formulae obtained here for spin and energy evolution coincide with those obtained by Damour, Soffel and Xu for the case of weakly self-gravitating bodies. By combining an Einstein-Infeld-Hoffman-type surface integral approach with multipolar expansions we extend the domain of validity of these evolution equations to a wide class of strongly self-gravitating bodies. This paper completes in a self-contained way a previous work by Racine and Flanagan on translational equations of motion for compact objects.Comment: 17 pages, no figure; substantial changes to presentation, cleaner computational method and a reference added; version published in Class. Quantum Gra

Transparent Ada rendezvous in a fault tolerant distributed system

There are many problems associated with distributing an Ada program over a loosely coupled communication network. Some of these problems involve the various aspects of the distributed rendezvous. The problems addressed involve supporting the delay statement in a selective call and supporting the else clause in a selective call. Most of these difficulties are compounded by the need for an efficient communication system. The difficulties are compounded even more by considering the possibility of hardware faults occurring while the program is running. With a hardware fault tolerant computer system, it is possible to design a distribution scheme and communication software which is efficient and allows Ada semantics to be preserved. An Ada design for the communications software of one such system will be presented, including a description of the services provided in the seven layers of an International Standards Organization (ISO) Open System Interconnect (OSI) model communications system. The system capabilities (hardware and software) that allow this communication system will also be described

Southern California marine sport fishing from privately-owned boats; Catch and effort for January-March 1981

The catch landed and effort expended by private-boat sport fishermen were studied in southern California between January and March 1981, in order to determine the impact of one segment of the sport fishery on local marine resources. Fishermen returning from fishing trips were interviewed at launch ramps, hoists, and boat rental facilities. This report contains quantitative data and statistical estimates of total effort, total catch, catch of preferred species, and length frequencies for those species whose catches are regulated by minimum size limits. An estimated 139,000 organisms were landed by 45,000 anglers and 1,900 divers. The major components of the catch were Pacific mackerel, Scomber japonicus, 29,000 landed; white croaker, Genyonemus lineatus, 27,000 landed; and Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis, 13,000 landed. These three species comprised one-half of the total catch. Anglers' compliance with size limit regulations was variable. Approximately 87% of all measured bass, Paralabrax spp., were legal size, but only 60% of the California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, were legal size. Divers showed much better compliance with the size limit regulations: 96% of all red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, were legal size. (Document has 24 pages

Limits on Neutrino-Neutrino Scattering in the Early Universe

In the standard model neutrinos are assumed to have streamed across the Universe since they last scattered at the weak decoupling epoch when the temperature of the standard-model plasma was ~MeV. The shear stress of free-streaming neutrinos imprints itself gravitationally on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and makes the CMB a sensitive probe of neutrino scattering. Yet, the presence of nonstandard physics in the neutrino sector may alter this standard chronology and delay neutrino free-streaming until a much later epoch. We use observations of the CMB to constrain the strength of neutrino self-interactions G_eff and put limits on new physics in the neutrino sector from the early Universe. Recent measurements of the CMB at large multipoles made by the Planck satellite and high-l experiments are critical for probing this physics. Within the context of conventional LambdaCDM parameters cosmological data are compatible with G_eff < 1/(56 MeV)^2 and neutrino free-streaming might be delayed until their temperature has cooled to as low as ~25 eV. Intriguingly, we also find an alternative cosmology compatible with cosmological data in which neutrinos scatter off each other until z~10^4 with a preferred interaction strength in a narrow region around $G_{\rm eff} \simeq 1/({\rm 10 \, MeV})^{2} \simeq 8.6\times10^8 G_{\rm F}$, where $G_{\rm F}$ is the Fermi constant. This distinct self-interacting neutrino cosmology is characterized by somewhat lower values of both the scalar spectral index and the amplitude of primordial fluctuations. While we phrase our discussion here in terms of a specific scenario in which a late onset of neutrino free-streaming could occur, our constraints on the neutrino visibility function are very general.Comment: 9 Pages, 4 figures, 1 table. v2: Version accepted for publication, enhanced discussion on neutrino interaction beyond the SM, enhanced figures, references adde