Measuring Physiological Changes in Response to a Division III Collegiate Cross-Country Season

Human endurance performance is most commonly predicted from variables such as maximal oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and running economy. Cross-country running success, specifically at the 6 km distance, depends on interactions of these physiological variables. Proper endurance training combines variations in running speed and distance with appropriate rest to stress the body and develop physiological adaptations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess how physiological variables change over a competitive cross-country season in Division III female athletes. METHODS: Eleven female distance runners (Ht:162.89 ±7.46 cm; Wt: 58.22 ±8.91 kg; Body fat: 21.5 ±1.65 %; VO2Max: 47.84 ±3.62 ml/kg/min) performed a series of physiological laboratory tests at the start and end of a 10-12 week cross-country season. Testing included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max), blood lactate threshold, running economy, and a maximal vertical jump test. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze differences in all variables and average race pace from pre-season to post-season (p \u3c 0.05). RESULTS: Lactate threshold as a percentage of VO2Max decreased significantly from pre-season (87.63 ±4.23 %) to post-season (85.35 ±3.93 %; t(10) = 2.44, p = .04). No significant changes were found from pre season to post season for all other physiological measurements including VO2Max (t(10) = .77, p = .46), running economy at steady state (t(10) = .80, p = .44), running economy at race pace (t(10) = .76, p = .46), and vertical jump (t(10) = 1.59, p = .15). Post-season average race pace (404.82 ±28.44 s) was not significantly faster than pre-season season (414.27 ±28.83 s; t(10) = 1.37, p = .20). CONCLUSION: Despite a decrease in race pace, 10-12 weeks of cross-country training does not induce significant physiological improvements in trained distance runners. The addition of high intensity and interval training to pre-season training volume likely increased anaerobic capacity in Division III cross-country runners

A Gift for the Med Student (watercolor)

https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/chri_forum/1033/thumbnail.jp

MANIFESTING THE NEW BEING IN BRAZILIAN JIU-JITSU

The grappling art of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is often seen as a spiritual practice for those that regularly train. Practitioners claim to undergo a personal transformation that enables growth towards greater harmony within themselves and among humanity. The experience of growth within oneself and towards humanity corresponds to Paul Tillich\u27s theological concepts of the Kingdom of God and the New Being. The Kingdom of God is characterized by individuals whom possess a harmony within themselves, and in tum, successfully live in harmony among a diversity of others. Jesus the Christ, known as the New Being, is conceived as the ultimate symbol of the human potential. Jesus was the Christ through his actualized inner disposition of harmony within the time and space of existence; Jesus the Christ\u27s inner disposition corresponds to characteristics of the symbol of God as self-surrender to the other. Jesus the Christ\u27s inner disposition is reflected by outward actions, titled agape. While Tillich\u27s theology of the New Being and the Kingdom of God is a fair response to philosophy\u27s questions of anxiety and angst found in the human condition, it is limited to explain how an individual manifests the New Being for her or himself; how is an individual to become like Jesus the Christ and also reflect agape? Through a critical analysis of Tillich\u27s theology in relation to personal transformation experienced in the practice of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, a trinitarian perspective explicit in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu will be presented to provide guidance towards manifestation of the New Being in the time and space of existence

Finding Clarity in the Abstract: A Class Script for “1 Recipe 4 Dérive” by Tongji Philip Qian

The following is a two-day exploration of “1 Recipe 4 Dérive” by Tongji Philip Qian, suitable for early college students studying the fine arts, humanities, or art history. It employs signature Bard pedagogies to provide opportunities for students to sit with intellectual discomfort and precognition while practicing verbal and writing skills in relationship to students’ shifting perspectives and knowledge

Sparta and the English Republic

In 1659-60, James Harrington and Henry Stubbe, two republican authors, engaged in a bad-tempered pamphlet debate about the constitution of classical Sparta. This took place in the context of political collapse after the fall of the Cromwellian Protectorate, as republicans desperately attempted to devise safeguards which could prevent the return of monarchy. Questions of constitutional form were not always at the forefront of 1650s English republicanism, but Harrington’s ideal constitution of ‘Oceana’ brought these questions to the fore in 1659’s discussions. Sparta formed a key plank of the ‘ancient prudence’ which supported Harrington’s theory, and like Stubbe he drew on Nicolaus Cragius’ De Republica Lacedaemoniorum (1593) for evidence, and was attracted to some of the more apparently ‘aristocratic’ elements of the Spartan constitution. However, classical texts and modern scholarly authority, such as Cragius’, were not the only ingredients in the English version of the ‘classical republican’ tradition; sixteenth- and seventeenth-century political thinkers and current exigencies also shaped Harrington and Stubbe’s arguments. Both Harrington and Stubbe ended up challenging the scholarly and ancient consensus that Sparta was an aristocracy or mixed polity, Harrington reinterpreting it to assimilate it to ‘democracy’, and Stubbe attempting to rehabilitate a model of benign ‘oligarchy’

Kansas Allows Strict Liability Claims Against Used-Product Sellers in Gaumer v. Rossville Truck & Tractor Co.: Why the Third Restatement Is a Better Approach

This is the published version

Gender in Eliot\u27s The Mill on the Floss and Hardy\u27s Far from the Madding Crowd

This text explores the characters of Maggie and Tom Tulliver from George Eliot’s 1860 novel The Mill on the Floss and the characters of Bathsheba Everdene and Gabriel Oak from Thomas Hardy’s 1874 novel Far from the Madding Crowd. It connects the two novels by way of the relationships between these main characters. In both cases, the female character struggles with the confines of Victorian societal limits for women based on their gender. In The Mill, Maggie constantly struggles against the wishes of her older brother, and while Tom is arguably an antagonistic force in the novel, this article contends that Tom is necessary for Maggie’s development and her resistance to gender expectations. Because of her brother’s inability to recognize the limitations Maggie faces, she is able to unite her love for her traditional family and her desire for progressive independence—but only through tragedy. In Madding Crowd, Bathsheba faces similar challenges because of her expectation to marry according to the custom for her sex. Although Gabriel is typically discussed as either a stoic hero or a hindrance to Bathsheba’s agency, this article discusses him as a nuanced character. He plays a similar role to Bathsheba as Tom does to Maggie, despite the differences between the two main male characters. The conclusion of Madding Crowd has previously been seen as either a stifling of Bathsheba’s independence or a happy ending for the conventional marriage plot, but this article discusses the ending as reconciliation between friends that reveals the patriarchal hero’s recognition of his limitations to protect the “weaker sex” and all those he believes to be in his care, whether it be his flock of sheep or Bathsheba. In this way, it is revealed that Bathsheba does not need Gabriel Oak’s care or his dogged worship—both are insufficient—instead, Bathsheba merely needs companionship

The Prevention of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect: An Update

We reviewed research that has evaluated prevention programs for child abuse and neglect. A few universal educational and parenting programs (e.g., abusive head trauma educational programs, enhanced pediatric care interventions) have been found to be effective. Moreover, a few selective home visitation programs (e.g., the Nurse-Family Partnership program), have shown evidence that they can prevent child abuse and neglect. As well, there is some evidence that multi-component programs are successful. Finally, the research on the importance of program length and intensity as a moderator of program effectiveness is mixed. While the evidence base of effective prevention programs for child abuse and neglect is growing, current interventions are more likely to be program-focused than policy-focused, selective than universal, ameliorative than transformative, and directed at the micro-level than the macro-level. Unless prevention programs are accompanied by social policies that have an agenda of social justice, poverty reduction, and community capacity-building, their potential to prevent child abuse will be seriously challenged

Enabling Occupational Competence Through Stress Reduction for Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Each year, thousands of infants are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Research has shown evidence that parents, of babies who are admitted to the NICU, experience increased stress levels and are at an increased risk for mental health issues after discharge from the hospital. The objective of this scholarly project was to develop an occupation-based group protocol that focuses on enabling an occupational adaptive response for parents in the NICU, through the use of evidenced-based stress reduction techniques. An extensive literature review was conducted to identify research to be used to support the development of this product. The product, Stress Reduction for Parents in the NICU: A Five Session Group Protocol, was created based off the evidence found in the literature review, Cole’s Seven Steps, and the Occupational Adaptation model. This group protocol was designed for occupational therapy professionals to use with parents who have infants admitted to the NICU. Each session incorporates individual objectives specific to the nature of the session. All sessions share the common goal of reducing stress as a barrier to fulfillment of their occupational role as a parent. The product includes a detailed outline for each session for therapists to follow during facilitation and corresponding handouts for parents. Finally, the authors included an assessment in the form of a Likert-Scale survey to determine the efficacy of the product