Reviewing the evidence base for the Children and Young People Safety Thermometer (CYPST):a mixed studies review

The objective was to identify evidence to support use of specific harms for the development of a children and young people's safety thermometer (CYPST). We searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library post-1999 for studies in pediatric settings about pain, skin integrity, extravasation injury, and use of pediatric early warning scores (PEWS). Following screening, nine relevant articles were included. Convergent synthesis methods were used drawing on thematic analysis to combine findings from studies using a range of methods (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods). A review of PEWS was identified so other studies on this issue were excluded. No relevant studies about extravasation injury were identified. The synthesized results therefore focused on pain and skin integrity. Measurement and perception of pain were complex and not always carried out according to best practice. Skin abrasions were common and mostly associated with device related injuries. The findings demonstrate a need for further work on perceptions of pain and effective communication of concerns about pain between parents and nursing staff. Strategies for reducing device-related injuries warrant further research focusing on prevention. Together with the review of PEWS, these synthesized findings support the inclusion of pain, skin integrity, and PEWS in the CYPST

Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity?

Planners, architects, urban designers and other built environment professionals engage with a myriad of checkboxes, guidelines, requirements and specifications, all of which potentially compromise creativity and innovation in urban design. Approaches that measure performance are accused of belying the nature of places as messy, plural, organic, accidental and emotive; trying to find a formula that works may tick boxes, but it risks creating soulless spaces, oppressing innovation and incorporation of inappropriate design elements. This paper argues that sustainability assessment methods do have something to contribute to creativity and innovation in urban design precisely because they encourage engagement with challenging and often complex societal priorities. Through interviews with built environment professionals and a critical examination of sustainability assessment methods, the authors suggest that such methods can promote creativity and innovation if they engage competently with sustainability, work at a scale that allows for both breadth and depth (typically greater than the building scale) and incorporate in their design a set of eight key characteristics designed to promote creativity and innovation. </jats:p

COVID-19 vaccination coverage for half a million non-EU migrants and refugees in England

Despite evidence suggesting that some migrants are at risk of under-immunization and have experienced severe health inequities during the pandemic, data are limited on migrants’ COVID-19 vaccine coverage globally. Here we linked data from non-European Union migrants and resettled refugees to the national COVID-19 vaccination dataset in England. We estimated patterns in second and third dose delays and overdue doses between 12 December 2020 and 20 April 2022 by age, visa type and ethnicity. Of the 465,470 linked records, 91.8% (427,073/465,470) of migrants received a second dose and 51.3% (238,721/465,470) received a third. Refugees had the highest risk of delayed second (adjusted odds ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval 1.55–1.79) and third dose (1.55; 1.43–1.69). Black migrants were twice as likely to have a second dose delayed (2.37; 2.23–2.54) than white migrants, but this trend reversed for the third dose. Older migrants (>65 years) were four times less likely to have received their second or third dose compared with the general population in England aged >65 or older. Policymakers, researchers and practitioners should work to understand and address personal and structural barriers to vaccination for diverse migrant populations

Geographies of Engaged Digital Scholarship: Remaking Space and Place in the Academic Library

An academic library cannot meaningfully serve its campus without also serving the range of communities within which faculty, staff, and students are embedded. Just as lines on maps are cartographic simplifications of reality, the distinctions we make between the university and surrounding communities are arbitrary and constructed. Though not unproblematic, the tools of GIS and digital scholarship more broadly make it possible for library workers to contribute directly to projects that transcend this campus-community border. We call upon academic librarians to use the tools at their disposal to more meaningfully engage with community-engaged and justice-minded projects. Deliberately disrupting the firm distinction between campus and community is one step in a longer process that is not clearly mapped, and we wish to provide a variety of starting points to consider

Climate change: the necessary, the possible and the desirable Earth League climate statement on the implications for climate policy from the 5th IPCC Assessment

The development of human civilisations has occurred at a time of stable climate. This climate stability is now threatened by human activity. The rising global climate risk occurs at a decisive moment for world development. World nations are currently discussing a global development agenda consequent to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which ends in 2015. It is increasingly possible to envisage a world where absolute poverty is largely eradicated within one generation and where ambitious goals on universal access and equal opportunities for dignified lives are adopted. These grand aspirations for a world population approaching or even exceeding nine billion in 2050 is threatened by substantial global environmental risks and by rising inequality. Research shows that development gains, in both rich and poor nations, can be undermined by social, economic and ecological problems caused by human-induced global environmental change. Climate risks, and associated changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems that regulate the resilience of the climate system, are at the forefront of these global risks. We, as citizens with a strong engagement in Earth system science and socio-ecological dynamics, share the vision of a more equitable and prosperous future for the world, yet we also see threats to this future from shifts in climate and environmental processes. Without collaborative action now, our shared Earth system may not be able to sustainably support a large proportion of humanity in the decades ahead

Impact of positron emission tomography - computed tomography status on progression-free survival for relapsed follicular lymphoma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation

The optimum management approach for patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma remains uncertain. Autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT) is considered a standard option in suitable, younger patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma. AutoSCT is associated with very durable remissions in a minority of subjects, but also with significant, well-established toxicities. Although positron emission tomography (PET) status prior to autoSCT is an established prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma, no data exist in follicular lymphoma. We describe survival outcomes according to pre-transplant PET status, classified by the Lugano criteria into complete metabolic remission (CMR) versus non-CMR, in 172 patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma within a national, multicenter, retrospective British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy registry study. The median number of lines of therapy prior to SCT was three (range, 1-6). The median follow-up after SCT was 27 months (range, 3–70). The median progression-free survival for all patients after autoSCT was 28 months (interquartile range, 23- 36). There was no interaction between age at transplantation, sex, number of months since last relapse, Karnofsky performance status or comorbidity index and achieving CMR prior to autoSCT. Superior progression-free survival was observed in 115 (67%) patients obtaining CMR versus 57 (33%) non-CMR patients (3-year progression-free survival 50% vs. 22%, P=0.011) and by pre-SCT Deauville score (continuous variable 1-5, hazard ratio [HR]=1.32, P=0.049). PET status was independently associated with progression-free status (non-CMR HR=2.02, P=0.003), overall survival (non-CMR HR=3.08, P=0.010) and risk of relapse (non-CMR HR=1.64, P=0.046) after autoSCT by multivariable analysis. Our data suggest that pre- SCT PET status is of clear prognostic value and may help to improve the selection of patients for autoSCT

Detection in the United Kingdom of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, October to December 2018

We describe detection in the United Kingdom (UK) of the drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate azithromycin resistance. Two female patients developed infection following contact with UK-resident men from the same sexual network linked to travel to Ibiza, Spain. One case failed treatment with ceftriaxone, and azithromycin and gentamicin, before successful treatment with ertapenem. Both isolates had indistinguishable whole-genome sequences. Urgent action is essential to contain this drug-resistant strain

Targeting STAT3 signaling using stabilised sulforaphane (SFX-01) inhibits endocrine resistant stem-like cells in ER-positive breast cancer

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-02-21, rev-recd 2020-05-13, accepted 2020-05-15, registration 2020-05-16, pub-electronic 2020-05-30, online 2020-05-30, pub-print 2020-06-18Publication status: PublishedFunder: DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000272; Grant(s): IS-BRC-1215-20007, IS-BRC-1215-20007, IS-BRC-1215-20007Funder: Breast Cancer Now; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007913; Grant(s): MAN-Q2Funder: National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000849; Grant(s): NC/T001267/1Funder: RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000265; Grant(s): MR/K501311/1Abstract: Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer is frequently sensitive to endocrine therapy. Multiple mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance have been identified, including cancer stem-like cell (CSC) activity. Here we investigate SFX-01, a stabilised formulation of sulforaphane (SFN), for its effects on breast CSC activity in ER+ preclinical models. SFX‐01 reduced mammosphere formation efficiency (MFE) of ER+ primary and metastatic patient samples. Both tamoxifen and fulvestrant increased MFE and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, which was reversed by combination with SFX‐01. SFX-01 significantly reduced tumor-initiating cell frequency in secondary transplants and reduced the formation of spontaneous lung micrometastases by PDX tumors in mice. Mechanistically, we establish that both tamoxifen and fulvestrant induce STAT3 phosphorylation. SFX-01 suppressed phospho‐STAT3 and SFN directly bound STAT3 in patient and PDX samples. Analysis of ALDH+ cells from endocrine-resistant patient samples revealed activation of STAT3 target genes MUC1 and OSMR, which were inhibited by SFX-01 in patient samples. Increased expression of these genes after 3 months’ endocrine treatment of ER+ patients (n = 68) predicted poor prognosis. Our data establish the importance of STAT3 signaling in CSC-mediated resistance to endocrine therapy and the potential of SFX-01 for improving clinical outcomes in ER+ breast cancer