Primary production and seasonal dynamics of the flora and fauna of the field stratum in a reserved field in Middle Finland

The underground biomass of a reserved field which had not been cultivated for three years, exceeded that of the aboveground living vegetation throughout the year. The mean amount of the aboveground detritus, including both loose litter and rooted nonliving parts of the vegetation, was in dry weight 300 g/m2. It was at its minimum end of June and early July. The aboveground net primary production measured by the harvesting method was 405—415 g/m2. year depending on the way of calculation, and the underground production was 343 g/m2. year. Seasonal dynamics of the green biomasses of 56 taxa could be studied and five groups were formed on the basis of the time and duration of the biomass maxima. Using Renkonen’s and Sorensen’s indices three seasonal aspects of the vegetation could be distinguished. The leafhoppers were divided into three phenological groups, and three seasonal aspects were formed. The vertebrate fauna was scarce in the study area. Shrews were the most abundant species and e.g. five Sorex isodon were trapped. During the period of maximum standing crops the herbivores amounted to 0.3 % of the green biomass. The higher the trophic level the later it reached the maximum

Challenges and Governance Solutions for Data Science Services based on Open Data and APIs

Peer reviewe

Toward Multiconcern Software Development With Everything as Code

As software is becoming a central element in our lives, more stakeholders have concerns. Unlike today, when developers stop their coding activities to satisfy these stakeholder concerns, we propose dealing with them as a part of the coding workflow.Peer reviewe

State of the Practice in Application Programming Interfaces (APIs): A Case Study

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have become prevalent in today’s software systems and services. APIs are basically a technical means to realize the co-operation between software systems or services. While there are several guidelines for API development, the actually applied practices and challenges are less clear. To better understand the state of the practice of API development and management in the industry, we conducted a descriptive case study in four Finnish software companies: two consultancy companies developing software for their customers, and two companies developing their software products. As a result, we identified five different usage scenarios for APIs and emphasize that diversity of usage should be taken into account more explicitly especially in research. API development and technical management are well supported by the existing tools and technologies especially available from the cloud technology. This leaves as the main challenge the selection of the right technology from the existing technology stack. Documentation and usability are practical issues to be considered and often less rigorously addressed. However, understanding what kind of API management model to apply for the business context appears as the major challenge. We also suggest considering APIs more clearly a separate concern in the product management with specific practices, such as API roadmapping.Peer reviewe

Patient injury claims involving fractures of the distal radius : 208 compensated claims from the Finnish Patient Insurance Center

Background and purpose Optimal treatment for distal radius fractures remains controversial, with a significant number of fractures resulting in complications and long-term morbidity. We investigated patient injury claims related to distal radius fractures to detect the critical steps in the treatment leading to avoidable adverse eventsPatients and methods We analyzed all compensated patient injury claims in Finland between 2007 and 2011. Claims were collected from the Patient Insurance Center's (PIC) nationwide claim register. Patients of all ages were included. Each claim decision, original patient records, and radiographs related to treatment were reviewed.Results During the study period, the PIC received 584 claims regarding distal radius fractures, of which 208 (36%) were compensated. Pain and impaired wrist function were the most common subjective reasons to file claims among compensated patients. In 66/208 patients, more than 1 adverse event leading to patient injury was detected. The detected adverse events could be divided into 3 main groups: diagnostic errors (36%, n = 103), decision/planning errors (30%, n = 87), and insufficient technical execution (32%, n = 91). Issues related to malalignment were the main concerns in each group. Diagnostic errors were often related to incorrect assessment of the fracture (re)displacement (75%, n = 78). All of the decision-making errors concerned physicians' decisions to accept unsatisfactory fracture alignment. The most common technical error was insufficient reduction (29%, n = 26).Interpretation We identified avoidable adverse events behind patient injuries related to distal radius fracture treatment. This study will help physicians to recognize the critical steps in the treatment of this common fracture and enhance patient safety.Peer reviewe

Antiarrhythmic drug therapy among patients presenting to emergency department with symptomatic atrial fibrillation - a prospective nationwide cohort

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that causes numerous visits to emergency departments (ED). The aim of the FinFib2 study was to evaluate whether treatment of patients with AF in ED is consistent with the contemporary European Society of Cardiology (ESC) management guidelines. Here we report the results of antiarrhythmic drug therapy (AAD) in ED. Methods: All patients within the two-week study period whose primary reason for the ED visit was symptomatic AF were included into this prospective multicentre study. Comprehensive data on factors contributing to the treatment of AF were collected, including a data of previous use of ADDs, and changes made for them during a visit in ED. Results: The study population consisted of 1013 consecutive patients (mean age 70 +/- 13 years, 47.6% female). The mean European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) symptom score was 2.2 +/- 0.8. Rhythm control strategy was opt for 498 (63.8%) and 140 (64.5%) patients with previously and newly diagnosed AF, respectively. In patients with previously diagnosed AF the most frequently used AAD was a beta blocker (80.9%). Prior use of class I (11.4%) and III (9.1%) AADs as well as start or adjustment of their dosage (7.4%) were uncommon. Most of the patients with newly diagnosed AF were prescribed a beta blocker (71.0%) or a calcium channel antagonist (24.0%), and only two of them received class I or class III AADs. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that in patients presenting to the ED with recurrent symptomatic AF and aimed for rhythm control strategy, the use of class I and class III AADs was rare despite ESC guideline recommendations. It is possible that early adaptation of a more aggressive rhythm control strategy might improve a quality of life for symptomatic patients and alleviate the ED burden associated with AF. Beta blockers were used by majority of patients as rate control therapy both in rate and rhythm control groups.Peer reviewe

Distaalisten radiusmurtumien potilasvahingot Suomessa 2007- 2011

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