Patterns of Plant Biomass Partitioning Depend on Nitrogen Source

Nitrogen (N) availability is a strong determinant of plant biomass partitioning, but the role of different N sources in this process is unknown. Plants inhabiting low productivity ecosystems typically partition a large share of total biomass to belowground structures. In these systems, organic N may often dominate plant available N. With increasing productivity, plant biomass partitioning shifts to aboveground structures, along with a shift in available N to inorganic forms of N. We tested the hypothesis that the form of N taken up by plants is an important determinant of plant biomass partitioning by cultivating Arabidopsis thaliana on different N source mixtures. Plants grown on different N mixtures were similar in size, but those supplied with organic N displayed a significantly greater root fraction. 15N labelling suggested that, in this case, a larger share of absorbed organic N was retained in roots and split-root experiments suggested this may depend on a direct incorporation of absorbed amino acid N into roots. These results suggest the form of N acquired affects plant biomass partitioning and adds new information on the interaction between N and biomass partitioning in plants

Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common extra-hepatic biliary syndrome in dogs with death rates ranging from 7 to 45%. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the association of survival with variables that could be utilized to improve clinical decisions. A total of 1194 dogs with a gross and histopathological diagnosis of GBM were included from 41 veterinary referral hospitals in this retrospective study. Dogs with GBM that demonstrated abnormal clinical signs had significantly greater odds of death than subclinical dogs in a univariable analysis (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.14–8.23; P < 0.001). The multivariable model indicated that categorical variables including owner recognition of jaundice (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.19–3.77; P = 0.011), concurrent hyperadrenocorticism (OR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.08–3.47; P = 0.026), and Pomeranian breed (OR, 2.46; 95% CI 1.10–5.50; P = 0.029) were associated with increased odds of death, and vomiting was associated with decreased odds of death (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30–0.72; P = 0.001). Continuous variables in the multivariable model, total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04; P < 0.001) and age (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08–1.26; P < 0.001), were associated with increased odds of death. The clinical utility of total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration as a biomarker to predict death was poor with a sensitivity of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54–0.69) and a specificity of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.59–0.66). This study identified several prognostic variables in dogs with GBM including total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration, age, clinical signs, concurrent hyperadrenocorticism, and the Pomeranian breed. The presence of hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus did not impact outcome in this study.Supplemental Table S1. Number of dogs included from each institution and years reviewed.Supplemental Table S2. Included breeds.Supplemental Table S3. Distribution of various reasons given for performing cholecystectomy in the 179 subclinical dogs with gallbladder mucocele (GBM).Supplemental Table S4. Distribution of clinical signs associated with systemic illness in 982 dogs with gallbladder mucocele.Supplemental Table S5. Distribution of reasons for death in-hospital (i.e. euthanized and died) in 179 dogs with gallbladder mucocele that underwent cholecystectomy.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/tvjlhj2020Companion Animal Clinical Studie

Differential expression of urate oxidase in rat liver

An affinity-purified monospecific antibody was prepared to study the differential expression of the peroxisomal enzyme urate oxidase in rat liver during development and in various metabolic states. Monospecific antibody for urate oxidase was affinity purified from a pool of antibodies initially produced against a mixture of proteins from a Percoll density gradient fraction. Immunogold staining of samples of the gradient fraction and rat liver tissue with the affinity-purified antibody demonstrated labelling of peroxisomal core structures. Screening of liver homogenates from rats at different developmental stages using immunoblot analysis demonstrated low levels of urate oxidase prior to 20 days of age; at 20 days of age, urate oxidase levels are 2-fold greater than the 15-day old levels and approximate adult levels. Catalase expression during rat development mimicked the differential expression pattern of urate oxidase. The increase between days 15 and 20 was determined to be independent of the process of weaning. Administration of exogenous glucocorticoid hormone to 10-day old rats resulted in a precocious rise (2.5-fold) in urate oxidase levels, but adrenalectomy at 10 days of age did not cause decreased expression in the fourth week of life. In adult animals, exogenous glucocorticoid did not influence urate oxidase levels, but adrenalectomized rats had urate oxidase levels that were 40 percent of control expression 4 days post-surgery. Catalase expression was not influenced by glucocorticoid status in these studies. Glucocorticoid regulation of urate oxidase expression appears to be one part of a more complex mechanism controlling levels of the enzyme. Exogenous glucocorticoid administration influenced urate oxidase levels in an age-dependent manner; in addition, it is possible that the control mechanism for urate oxidase may include factors which can modulate expression in the absence of glucocorticoids. The effect of glucocorticoids on urate oxidase expression can not be extended to include all peroxisomal proteins, since catalase is unaffected. Glucocorticoids appear to participate in the complex regulation of urate oxidase expression; glucocorticoids influence urate oxidase specifically and do not modulate all peroxisomal proteins

Middletown Multifamily Housing Analysis

This study serves as an informational tool for Middletown to be used by decision makers when taking into consideration any policy changes they deem necessary regarding multifamily development proposals.Town of Middletown, Delawar

2015 Comprehensive Plan Amendment Adopted February 14, 2017

On March 13, 2010 by Ordinance 266, The Town of Ocean View adopted a complete update of its comprehensive plan. This plan was certified by the governor on October 21, 2010. Following adoption of the 2010 complete plan update, the Town adopted a plan amendment that changed the future land use for a few parcels in the State Route (SR) 26 corridor. This amendment was adopted on April 9, 2013 by Ordinance 301. Section 702(e) of the Delaware Code requires that comprehensive plans be reviewed every five years and completely updated every 10 years. The required five-year review began in 2015, the fifth year following the 2010 complete plan update. In accordance with Section 702(e), the Town has reviewed the 2010 plan (including the 2013 amendment) and has determined that generally its provisions are still relevant, but that several changes to existing land use, future land use, and the annexation area are needed. This Plan Amendment presents these changes

Town of Camden 2013 Amendment to the 2007 Comprehensive Plan

Title 22, Section 702(e) of the Delaware Code requires that at least every 5 years a municipality shall review its adopted comprehensive plan to determine if its provisions are still relevant given changing conditions in the municipality or in the surrounding areas. Camden last adopted a full‐blown comprehensive plan in 2007. Since this is the five‐year review, the Town has the option of completely rewriting the plan or making amendments to it. The Town has determined that the 2007 plan still is serving the Town well, but the portions of the plan dealing with land use, annexation, and transportation should be amended to reflect development within the Town and the annexations that have occurred since 2007. This document presents these amendments

2012 Update to the 2005 Town of Middletown Comprehensive Plan

This document is an update to the 2005 Town of Middletown Comprehensive Plan and serves as a guide for Middletown’s land use decisions and annexation policy. It also serves as a consolidated reference containing demographic, housing, economic, environmental, and historical information about Middletown.Town of Middletow

2018 Update to the 2008 City of Milford Comprehensive Plan

This plan was prepared by the City of Milford Planning and Zoning Commission with assistance from the Institute for Public Administration (IPA), a unit within the School of Public Policy & Administration at the University of Delaware. IPA links the research and resources of the University of Delaware with the management and information needs of local, state, and regional governments in the Delaware Valley. IPA provides assistance and research projects as well as training programs and policy forums. it serves as the 2018 update to the original 2008 City of Milford Comprehensive Plan. It was adopted in January of 2018 and certified in May of 2018.City of Milfor

Town of Kenton 2016 Comprehensive Plan

This comprehensive development plan is intended to serve as a document for the future development of the Town of Kenton. Adopted by the Town Council, it is recognized as the guide for future planning efforts of the community and its representatives. Implementation of the goals and objectives of this plan will be developed in a land-use (zoning and subdivision) code and other municipal ordinances following the completion of this plan. This plan is a flexible document, and the updating or revision of planning goals and objectives is essential to keeping the planning program responsive to the changing needs of the community.Town of Kento