Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Biosensors for Determination of Carbamate Pesticides

Applications of nanotechnology are the remarkable sizes dependent on physiochemical properties of nanomaterials that have led to the developed protocols for synthesizing nanomaterials over a range of size, shapes and chemical compositions. Nanomaterials are normally powders composed of nanoparticles which exhibit properties that are different from powders. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale with their wide applications in energy sector, including -but not limited to- energy resources, energy conversion, energy storage, and energy usage; drug delivery systems including- safety concerns, perspective, challenges, target therapeutics for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other human diseases, nanomaterials based tissue engineering; and food sectors including to- food safety and quality, opportunities, challenges, nanomaterials based enhancing food packing, and determination of foodborne pathogens, agro and marine food, analysis of market, regulations and future prospects

Nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensors for pesticide detection: advances and challenges in food analysis

This overview (with 114 refs.) covers the progress made between 2010 and 2015 in the field of nanomaterial based electrochemical biosensors for pesticides in food. Its main focus is on strategies to analyze real samples. The review first gives a short introduction into the most often used biorecognition elements. These include (a) enzymes (resulting in inhibition-based and direct catalytic biosensors), (b) antibodies (resulting in immunosensors), and (c) aptamers (resulting in aptasensors). The next main section covers the various kinds of nanomaterials for use in biosensors and includes carbonaceous species (carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black and others), and non-carbonaceous species in the form of nanoparticles, rods, or porous materials. Aspects of sample treatment and real sample analysis are treated next before discussing vanguard technologies in tailor-made food analysis