Twin births, sex of children and maternal risk of ovarian cancer: a cohort study in Norway

In a follow-up of 1 208 001 women aged 20–74 years, no significant association was found between twin births (112 cases) and risk, though those with twin girls had a non-significantly higher risk than those with singleton births; among the latter, those with girls only had a higher risk of endometrioid tumours (incidence rate ratio 1.35; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.76, based on 475 cases) than women with boys only

Urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS as markers of endocrine disruption by air pollution in primary school children

The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of air pollution on urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), which are markers of adrenal cortex functions, in primary school children from five schools with different levels of air pollution. One hundred and twentynine fourth-grade children were included in the study. Urinary excretion of 17-KS and 17-OHCS were significantly lower in male children living in polluted areas than in children living in clean areas. We conclude that adrenal cortex functions before puberty can serve as practical markers of endocrine disruption by environmental factors in epidemiological studies