Incidental Findings of Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients Suspected to Pulmonary Embolism; a Brief Report

Introduction: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)  scans are increasingly used in emergency department (ED). Therefore, the observation of incidental findings (IFs) has also increased. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of IFs in patients who underwent  CTPA. Methods: All consecutive patients that underwent CTPA scanning for pulmonary embolism (PE) rule out between January  2017 and June  2018  were analysed. Incidental findings were divided into and reported in three categories: group 1 potentially life-threatening, group 2 required follow up, and group 3 with limited clinical significance. Results: 151 cases with the mean age of  61.2 ± 17.6 years were studied (54.3% female). PE was documented in 77 cases (50.9%). 448 IFs were detected (3 IFs were found per patient). 60 (13.3%) IFs were classified as group 1, 180 (40.1%) as group 2, and 208 (46.6%) as group 3. Cardiomegaly was the most frequent finding in group 1 (n=32), followed by aortic aneurysm (n=13). In group 2, pleural effusion (n=58) and pneumonia (n=36) were the most frequent incidental findings. Lung structure changes (n=92) and thoracic bone related findings (n=43) were the most common IFs observed in group 3. Conclusion: IFs were detected in the majority of patients that underwent CTPA. Most of these findings do not require follow-up or treatment. However, more than 50% of cases may require further diagnostic evaluation (40.1%) or immediate treatment (13.3%).Â

Results obtained by geodetic instruments of SELENE (KAGUYA)

Japanese lunar explorer SELENE (KAGUYA) was equipped with 14 instruments for various measurements of the Moon. Three of these instruments took geodetic measurements of the Moon. These were two sub-satellites and a laser altimeter. The main results obtained by the instruments are: (1) precise orbit determination with an accuracy of ten meters by Doppler and same-beam VLBI; (2) the first precise gravity fields on the lunar far side by 4-way Doppler measurements; (3) the first topography in latitudes higher than 86 degrees; (4) a global map of the gravity anomaly by using the global topography and the global gravity fields; (5) a global map of the lunar crustal thickness and (6) an illumination rate map in the north and south polar regions