Process for the preparation of a mixture of epsilon-caprolactam and/or epsilon-caprolactam precursors

Process for the preparation of a mixture of ε-caprolactam and/or ε-caprolactam precursors from 5-formylvalerate ester and/or 5-formylvaleric acid, ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the process is conducted in a reactor of which the internal wall material is an inert material

Developing a feasible process for 2G-lignin conversion into biofuels and chemicals

Lignin is one of the major components of lignocellulosic biomass, constituting 15-30 % of the weight and approximately 40 % of the energy content depending on the source. Currently the lignin produced in 2G bio-ethanol plants is mainly used for one-site energy production. At Eindhoven University of Technology (Inorganic Material Chemistry group) a method was explored to depolymerize lignin in super critical ethanol with cheap non-noble catalysts to produce a mixture of monomeric aromatics. The product might be applied directly as a bio marine fuel, or as a source for chemical building blocks (Resins), octane boosters or biofuels when blended with gasolines. The primary goal for pilot activities is to produce Lignin Crude Oil from lignin with a viscosity spec < 1000 cSt at 40C, on a ton scale and to collect information for designing a demo plant with the aim of having an economically viable process. As a secondary step the Lignin Crude Oil is fractionated and products tested for several applications