6 research outputs found
Exercise therapy in Type 2 diabetes
Structured exercise is considered an important cornerstone to achieve good glycemic control and improve cardiovascular risk profile in Type 2 diabetes. Current clinical guidelines acknowledge the therapeutic strength of exercise intervention. This paper reviews the wide pathophysiological problems associated with Type 2 diabetes and discusses the benefits of exercise therapy on phenotype characteristics, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk profile in Type 2 diabetes patients. Based on the currently available literature, it is concluded that Type 2 diabetes patients should be stimulated to participate in specifically designed exercise intervention programs. More attention should be paid to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal deconditioning as well as motivational factors to improve long-term treatment adherence and clinical efficacy. More clinical research is warranted to establish the efficacy of exercise intervention in a more differentiated approach for Type 2 diabetes subpopulations within different stages of the disease and various levels of co-morbidity
Engineering of the LukS-PV and LukF-PV subunits of Staphylococcus aureusPanton-Valentine leukocidin for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Engineering of the LukS-PV and LukF-PV subunits of Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus produces several toxins, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). The
involvement of PVL in primary skin infections, necrotizing pneumonia, musculoskeletal disorders, brain abscess, and
other diseases, some of which are life-threatening, has been reported. Following expert opinion, we aimed to
provide the tools for establishment of sequence-based diagnostics and therapeutics for those conditions. We
engineered the synergistic S and F (LukS-PV and LukF-PV respectively) pro-toxin subunits from Staphylococcus
aureus USA400 into separate expression E. coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS hosts.
Results: Following Nickel affinity chromatography (NAC), the F subunit came out without bands of impurity. The
S sub-unit did not come off very pure after NAC thus necessitating further purification by size exclusion and
ion-exchange chromatography. The purification plots showed that the BioLogic-LP and AKTA systems are reliable
for following the progress of the chromatographic purification in real-time. Computer predicted Mw for the
6His-LukF-PV and 6His-LukS-PV were 35645.41 Da and 33530.04 Da respectively, while the mass spectrometry results
were 35643.57 Da and 33528.34 Da respectively.
Conclusion: The BioLogic-LP and AKTA systems are commendable for reliability and user-friendliness. As a recent work
elsewhere also reported that a second round of chromatography was necessary to purify the S subunit after the first
attempt, we speculate that the S subunit might contain yet unidentified motif(s) requiring further treatment. The
purified S and F sub-units of PVL were supplied to the Nottingham Cancer Immunotherapy group who used them to
establish sequence-based monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic uses targeting PVL