Nuevo ensayo para la determinación de frecuencias fundamentales longitudinales, transversales y torsionales en probetas de hormigón

For twenty-five years The ASTM method used to determine reductions in concrete durability after freeze-thaw cycling has been C215-60. In this test the fundamental frequencies of a concrete specimen are compared. This test is time consuming, noisy and often inaccurate. In this paper a new method is proposed for measuring the fundamental frequencies of concrete to a single tap via a Fast Fourier Transform. The new test is faster, simpler and more accurate.El método usado por la ASTM desde hace 25 años para la determinación de la durabilidad del hormigón después de sufrir ciclos hielo/deshielo ha sido el C215-60. En este ensayo se comparan las frecuencias fundamentales de una probeta de hormigón. Este ensayo es ruidoso, lleva bastante tiempo y es bastante impreciso. En este trabajo se pone un nuevo método para medias frecuencias fundamentales en el hormigón por simple golpe mediante la TRANSFORMADA RÁPIDA de FOURIER. El nuevo método es más rápido, más simple y más preciso

Exploring the optimal allostatic load scoring method in women of reproductive age

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal allostatic load scoring method.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of data on women of reproductive age from the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsWe created allostatic load summary scores using five scoring methods including the count-based, Z-Score, logistic regression, factor analysis and grade of membership methods. Then, we examined the predictive performance of each allostatic load summary measure in relation to three outcomes: general health status, diabetes and hypertension.ResultsWe found that the allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the highest predictive validity with respect to the three outcomes. The logistic regression method performed significantly better than the count-based and grade of membership methods for predicting diabetes as well as performed significantly better for predicting hypertension than all of the other methods. But the five scoring methods performed similarly for predicting poor health status.ConclusionWe recommended the logistic regression method when the outcome information is available, otherwise the frequently used simpler count-based method may be a good alternative.ImpactThe study compared different scoring methods and made recommendations for the optimal scoring approach. We found that allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the strongest predictive validity with respect to general health status, diabetes and hypertension. The study may provide empirical evidence for future research to use the recommended scoring approach to score allostatic load. The allostatic load index may serve as an -early warning- indicator for health risk.ç ®ç è¿ é¡¹ç  ç©¶ç ç ®ç å ¨äº ,ç¡®å® æ ä½³é åº è´ è ·è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ã è®¾è®¡è¿ æ ¯å¯¹2001å¹´è ³2006æ é ´å ¨å ½å ¥åº·å è ¥å »æ£ æ ¥è° æ ¥ä¸­è ²é¾ å¦ å¥³æ °æ ®ç äº æ¬¡å æ ã æ ¹æ³ æ ä»¬ä½¿ç ¨äº äº ç§ è¯ å æ ¹æ³ (å æ ¬å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ ã Z计å æ³ ã é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ã å  å­ å æ æ³ å é ¶å± åº¦æ ¹æ³ )æ ¥å å»ºäº é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °ã ç ¶å ,æ ä»¬æ£ æ ¥äº ä¸ ä¸ ä¸ªç» æ ç ¸å ³ç å ç§ é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »æ °å ¼ç é¢ æµ æ §è ½:æ ´ä½ å ¥åº·ç ¶æ ã ç³ å°¿ç å é« è¡ å ã ç» æ æ 们å ç °,é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ç é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °å¯¹è¿ ä¸ ä¸ªç» æ å ·æ æ é« ç é¢ æµ æ 度ã é »è¾ å å½ æ³ å ¨é¢ æµ ç³ å°¿ç æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °æ æ ¾ä¼ äº å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ å é ¶å± åº¦æ ¹æ³ ,å ¨é¢ æµ é« è¡ å æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °ä¹ æ æ ¾ä¼ äº æ æ å ¶ä» æ ¹æ³ ã ä½ è¿ äº ç§ è¯ å æ ¹æ³ å ¨é¢ æµ ä¸ è ¯å ¥åº·ç ¶æ æ ¹é ¢ç è¡¨ç °ç ¸ä¼¼ã ç» è®ºå½ ç» æ èµ æ å ¯ç ¨æ ¶,æ ä»¬æ ¨è é »è¾ å å½ æ³ ,å ¨å ¶ä» æ ¹é ¢,å¸¸ç ¨ä¸ æ ´ç® å ç å ºäº è®¡æ °æ³ å ¯è ½ä¹ æ ¯ä¸ ä¸ªä¸ é ç é æ ©ã å½±å è¯¥ç  ç©¶æ¯ è¾ äº ä¸ å ç è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ,并æ å ºäº æ ä½³è¯ å æ ¹æ³ ç 建议ã æ 们å ç °ç ¨é »è¾ å å½ æ³ è¿ è¡ ç é åº è´ è ·æ± æ »å æ °å¯¹æ ´ä½ å ¥åº·ç ¶æ ã ç³ å°¿ç å é« è¡ å å ·æ æ 强ç é¢ æµ æ æ æ §ã è¯¥ç  ç©¶å ¯ä»¥ä¸ºä» å ä½¿ç ¨æ ¨è ç è¯ å æ ¹æ³ å¯¹æ æ é åº è´ è ·è¯ å æ ä¾ å® éª æ §è¯ æ ®ã é åº è´ è ·æ æ °å ¯ä»¥ä½ ä¸ºå ¥åº·é£ é ©ç -é¢ è­¦-æ æ  ãPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151983/1/jan14014_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151983/2/jan14014.pd

Naloxone Prolongs Abdominal Constriction Writhing-Like Behavior in a Zebrafish-Based Pain Model

The ability to detect noxious stimuli is essential to survival. However, pathological pain is maladaptive and severely debilitating. Endogenous and exogenous opioids modulate pain responses via opioid receptors, reducing pain sensibility. Due to the high genetic and physiological similarities to rodents and humans, the zebrafish is a valuable tool to assess pain responses and the underlying mechanisms involved in nociception. Although morphine attenuates pain-like responses of zebrafish, there are no data showing if the antagonism of opioid receptors prolongs pain duration in the absence of an exogenous opioid. Here, we investigated whether a common opioid antagonist naloxone affects the abdominal constriction writhing-like response, recently characterized as a zebrafish-based pain behavior. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with acetic acid (5.0%), naloxone (1.25 mg/kg; 2.5 mg/kg; 5.0 mg/kg) or acetic acid with naloxone to investigate the changes in their body curvature for 1 h. Acetic acid elicited a robust pain-like response in zebrafish, as assessed by aberrant abdominal body curvature, while no effects were observed following PBS injection. Although naloxone alone did not alter the frequency and duration of this behavior, it dose-dependently prolonged acetic acid-induced abdominal curvature response. Besides reinforcing the use of the abdominal writhing-like phenotype as a behavioral endpoint to measure acute pain responses in zebrafish models, our novel data suggest a putative role of endogenous opioids in modulating the recovery from pain stimulation in zebrafish. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.We recognize the financial support and fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) . F.V.C. was recipient of CAPES fellowship. J.C. and F.V.S. receive the CNPq fellowship. D.B.R. is a recipient of CNPq research productivity grant ( 305051/2018-0 ) and his work is also supported by the PROEX/CAPES (process number 23038.005848/2018-31) and PRONEM/FAPERGS (process number 16/2551-0000248-7) fellowship grants. A.V.K. is the Chair of the International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC). His research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 19-15-00053. All authors contributed to the preparation of the manuscript and approved its final version. The funders had no influence on the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as on writing and submission of this manuscript

Ataxia de Friedreich: estudo clínico e molecular de 25 pacientes

INTRODUCTION: Friedreich's ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder whose clinical diagnostic criteria for typical cases basically include: a) early age of onset (< 20 or 25 years), b) autosomal recessive inheritance, c) progressive ataxia of limbs and gait, and d) absence of lower limb tendon reflexes. METHODS: We studied the frequency and the size of expanded GAA and their influence on neurologic findings, age at onset, and disease progression in 25 Brazilian patients with clinical diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia - 19 typical and 6 atypical - using a long-range PCR test. RESULTS: Abnormalities in cerebellar signs, in electrocardiography, and pes cavus occurred more frequently in typical cases; however, plantar response and speech were more frequently normal in this group when the both typical and atypical cases were compared. Homozygous GAA expansion repeats were detected in 17 cases (68%) - all typical cases. In 8 patients (32%) (6 atypical and 2 typical), no expansion was observed, ruling out the diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia. In cases with GAA expansions, foot deformity, cardiac abnormalities, and some neurologic findings occurred more frequently; however, abnormalities in cranial nerves and in tomographic findings were detected less frequently than in patients without GAA expansions. DISCUSSION: Molecular analysis was imperative for the diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia, not only for typical cases but also for atypical ones. There was no genotype-phenotype correlation. Diagnosis based only on clinical findings is limited; however, it aids in better screening for suspected cases that should be tested. Evaluation for vitamin E deficiency is recommended, especially in cases without GAA expansion.INTRODUÇÃO: A ataxia de Friedreich é uma doença neurodegenerativa e os critérios clínicos diagnósticos para os casos típicos incluem: a) idade de início precoce (< 20 ou 25 anos); b) herança autossômica recessiva; c) ataxia progressiva; e d) abolição dos reflexos tendinosos profundos. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se a freqüência e o tamanho das expansões GAA e a sua influência nos achados neurológicos, idade de início e progressão da doença, em 25 pacientes brasileiros com diagnóstico clínico de ataxia de Friedreich - 19 típicos e 6 atípicos, por PCR. RESULTADOS: Anormalidades sugestivas de comprometimento cerebelar, no ECG e a presença de pés cavos ocorreram com maior freqüência nos casos típicos; contudo, a resposta plantar e a fala mostraram-se mais freqüentemente normal neste grupo, quando comparados casos típicos e atípicos. A expansão GAA em homozigose foi detectada em 17 casos (68%) - todos típicos e, em 8 (32%) (6 atípicos e 2 típicos), não foi observada nenhuma expansão, excluindo-se o diagnóstico de ataxia de Friedreich. Deformidade de pés, anormalidades cardíacas e alguns achados neurológicos ocorreram mais freqüentemente, nos casos com expansão GAA, contudo, sinais de comprometimento dos pares cranianos e alterações dos achados tomográficos foram detectados menos frequentemente do que em pacientes sem expansão. DISCUSSÃO: A análise molecular é imprescindível para o diagnóstico de ataxia de Friedreich, não só para os casos típicos como também para os atípicos. Não há qualquer correlação entre o genótipo e o fenótipo. O diagnóstico baseado apenas nos achados clínicos é limitado, embora facilite a triagem para melhor selecionar os casos suspeitos que merecem ser testados. A dosagem sérica da vitamin E é recomendada , especialmente nos casos sem expansão GAA