A política indigenista em Goiás : 1850-1889

Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História, 1988.Em geral, a escassa bibliografia sobre a Política Indigenista no Séc. XIX apenas trata dos aspectos pertinentes à legislação e sua aplicação prática. Esta dissertação pretende uma abordagem baseada num esquema teórico mais complexo, buscando a inteligibilidade da Política Indigenista através da sua contextualização na realidade política, social e econômica da segunda metade do Séc. XIX. Um problema específico na abordagem da Política Indigenista é a relação entre o Regimento das Missões de 1845 e a Lei de Terras de 1850, e que consequências daí resultaram para os índios de Goiás, uma vez que essa região vinha sendo já ocupada pelas frentes de expansão da sociedade nacional. Outro aspecto é o fenômeno do aldeamento de índios enquanto política e enquanto instituição organizada, sua relação com as frentes de expansão e qual o papel desempenhado pelos presídios e outros estabelecimentos militares e pelas missões religiosas no sentido de afastar os índios das áreas a serem ocupadas pelos brancos. Os interesses puramente econômicos destacam-se na análise da ligação entre a política indigenista implementada em Goiás e a questão da navegação dos rios Araguaia e Tocantins, pois os índios consistiam em sério empecilho à utilização das vias fluviais navegáveis. Finalmente, trata-se da ação dos missionários e dos efeitos da sua influência sobre as culturas tribais da região, e, conclui-se que, ao contrário do que os seus apologistas procuram demonstrar, os missionários foram elemento desestabilizador da cultura tribal e representantes dos interesses das frentes de expansão.In general, the scarce amount of bibliography available concerning Indian Policy in the Nineteenth Century only takes into account certain aspects relative to legislation and its practical application. This dissertation intends to produce a coverage based on a more complex theoretical scheme, and searching for a deeper understanding into such policies by way of a study of political, social and economic reality prevalent in the second half of the Nineteenth Century. One specificity in the coverage of Indian Policy is the relationship between the Mission Act of 1845 and the Land Act of 1850 , which resulted in certain prejudicial consequences for the Indians of the State of Goias, because the region wasl already been occupied by the frontier expansion of national society. Another aspect to be considered was the policy relating to the setting up of Indians Reservations and its consequent relation to frontiers expansion. In this respect, we should consider the role played by military posts scaterred throughout the interior of the country as well as the factor relating to Catholic Church, which established religious missions, in order to remove the Indians from areas the whites intended to occupy. Purely economical interestes played a great part in the analysis of the relationship between Indian Policies put into force by the State of Goias and the question of the use of the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers, because of the facte that the Indians constituted a serious obstacle to the explotation of these navegable rivers. Finally, this dissertation takes into accountthe acts and practices of the missionaries and the resulting effects felt by the original tribes cultures. Contrary to what the defenders of the catholic Missions have always upheady, such missions brought about cultural changes which caused annihilations of some indian groups in the region

The role of the dental surgeon in the early diagnosis of oral cancer: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Oral cancers (OC) represent more than 90% of cases. It is estimated that more than 400,000 new cases of oral cancer are diagnosed each year worldwide. OC is preventable as most of the different identified risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing, are behaviors that increase the likelihood of the disease. Surgical biopsy remains the gold standard, but adjunctive tools have been developed to aid diagnoses, such as vital toluidine blue staining and autofluorescence imaging. Objective: To emphasize and present the importance of the dental surgeon in the early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer. Methods: The survey was conducted from July 2021 to August 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the rules of Systematic Review-PRISMA. Study quality was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: Early detection and treatment of OC were found to be important predictors for improving survival and reducing mortality. A thorough clinical inspection of the oral cavity can detect up to 99% of oral cancers. Other diagnostic types have been developed to help overcome the limits of standard oral clinical examination, highlighting toluidine blue staining, light-based detection techniques, and salivary biomarkers. Self-examination is an effective strategy to reduce the levels of mortality and morbidity caused by this pathology. A gain of 8.09% more in sensitivity and 11.36% more in specificity was observed with the fluorescence test. Conclusion: The findings clearly showed that early diagnosis of oral cancer is essential to increase the chances of cure and survival of patients, avoiding invasive surgical intervention. Currently, there are several diagnostic tools for screening and visual devices for the early detection of oral lesions through auxiliary methods, logically maintaining biopsy as the gold standard

LEDs light spectrum effect on the success of fragmentation and growthof the leather coral Sarcophyton spp

The increasing demand for soft corals is reflected on the high attention of the scientific community during the last decades, with several studies focus on production techniques and optimization of coral husbandry (Schlacher et al., 2007;Sella and Benayahu, 2010). However, coral culture success is influenced by the interaction of different factors, such as water movement, temperature, nutrients, heterotrophic feeding and light conditions (Rocha et al., 2013a). Light plays a key role in the growth, reproduction and physiology of scleractinian corals that host phototrophic symbionts and it has been found that the photoresponse of corals is species-specific. Several studies have already focused on the effects of irradiance on coral and its algal symbionts (Osinga et al., 2011). Although, only a few works have investigated the role of the spectral quality of light on coral photobiology, physiology and growth (Rocha et al., 2013b)). In the present study, we hypothesize that light spectrum can influence the growth performance of scleractinian corals when exposed at identical intensities of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). To test our hypothesis we evaluated the effect of contrasting light spectra with an identical PAR of 70 ± 10 μmol quantam−2.s−1emitted by T8 fluorescent lamps (used as a control treatment) and three different colours of Light Emitting Diode (LED), white, blue and red. It was evaluated survival and growth rates of Sarcophyton spp., an important scleractinian coral in the marine aquarium trade and for the bioprospecting of marine natural compounds. Replicated coral fragments were obtained from two mother colonies and were exposed to the four types of light spectrum for a period of 30 days. At the end of the experiment period, the results showed 100% of survival in coral fragments, and specific growth rate (SGR) of 0,055 ± 0,09 %/day in control group and 0,091 ± 0,019 %/day, 0,210 ± 0,031 %/day and 0,380 ± 0,245 %/day in, white, blue and red light, respectively. The results also showed a positive role of use a specific light spectrum in coral growth, namely blue and red spectrum. The use of light with specific light spectrum that increasing the growth and health of corals will minimizing the production costs, increasing the feasibility of ex situ production of ornamental scleractinian corals and this study identify the best LED`s light spectrum for the growth of the leather coral Sarcophyton spp.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Determination of glycemic index and glycemic load of typical northeastern preparations / Determinação de índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica de preparações típicas do Nordeste

Introduction: One of the important factors for a normal healthy diet is the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (CG) of foods, since diets with inadequate GI and CG seem to be directly related to the increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the GI and CG of three typical Northeastern preparations. Methodology: An experimental, quantitative, descriptive and analytical study was carried out. The sample size was convenience (n=10), however, considering the recommendations of the FAO / WHO Expert Consultation (1998). For the determination of GI and CG, an adaptation of the FAO / WHO Expert Consultation protocol (1998), which consisted in the standardization of a 50 g portion of the tested preparations, but considering a minimum of 25 g of glycemic carbohydrate. The volunteers were fasted for 10 hours the night before the samples and had capillary glycemia measured at the intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after consumption of the standard food and the proposed preparations, taken from the "Brazilian Regional Food Guide" of the Ministry of Health (2015), being tapioca with maracuja jelly, seriguela cake and macaxeira bread. Results: Tapioca preparations with passionfruit jelly, seriguela cake and macaxeira bread presented high glycemic index and glycemic load, as evidenced in the analyzes performed. Conclusion: The objective of this work was reached, since the GI and CG of the three proposed preparations were determined, contributing to the expansion of nutritional information and supporting the idea of food and nutritional education

DESCRIÇÃO DA PRESENÇA DO FUNGO Septoria passiflorae EM LAVOURAS DE MARACUJÁ DE UMA COOPERATIVA DE PRODUTORES NA REGIÃO DO NOROESTE DE MINAS GERAIS – MG, E SUAS CARACTERÍSTICAS

Introdução: O maracujá (Passiflora spp) é uma espécie que muito cultivada atualmente no Brasil. Existem aproximadamente 450 espécies de maracujá e as mais utilizadas são o maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis) e o maracujá-azedo (Passiflora edulis Sims), sendo destinados ao mercado (in natura) e as fábricas. O maracujá pertence à família Passifloraceae, e pode ser cultivado na maioria das regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Os solos mais indicados são os arenosos ou levemente argilosos, profundos e bem drenados. sua produção é bem rentável, visto que sua produtividade média é em torno de 11 a 13 T/Ha, e havendo um bom manejo pode atingir cerca de 30 a 35 T/ha. Sua cultura é acometida por algumas doenças e pragas, tais como: a Antracnose, Micoses, Verrugoses e bacterioses. Dentre essas doenças destaca-se a Septoriose causada pelo fungo Septoria passiflorae, que causa o enrrugamento das folhas, perda da produção, aborto das flores além do acosionamento de poucos botões florais e não há o crescimento de novas ramas. Objetivo: Realizar o relato sobre o diagnóstico e descrição do fungo Septoria passiflorae na região do noroeste de Minas Gerais, além de fazer uma revisão sobre as características deste fungo, bem como a ação e dos acontecimentos que possibilitam que o fungo se desenvolva nas lavouras e, apresentar as formas para combater a Septoriose de forma que os insumos a serem usados não sejam toxico à lavoura, ao consumo e ao aplicadores. Metodologia: Para tanto, foram realizadas visitas de Campo às lavouras de uma cooperativa de produtores da região do noroeste de Minas Gerais onde é realizado o acompanhamento de produção e analise fitossanitária. Foram coletadas amostras e material botânico. Foi realizada a testagem laboratorial em um laboratório comercial acreditado. A revisão foi realizada em livros, teses, artigos científicos e materiais acessíveis via internet. Considerações: Por meio de observação, acompanhamento e análise laboratorial, constatou-se que o fungo Septoria passaflorae está presente na região. Seu crescimento é  propício em condições de verão com temperatura e umidade elevada, visto que pode ocorrer através da chuva, vento e roupa infectada. O fungo pode penetrar na planta associada a outras doenças como por exemplo: a antracnose e bacteriose ou se aproveitado de alguma queima da folha por pulverização (o que ocorreu na região). Tal fungo é de raro surgimento, todavia sua disseminação é facilitada na lavoura. Assim através das análises notifica-se a presença do fungo nesta região, porém necessitando de análises mais expressivas que ainda estão em processo

Chemodynamical Properties and Ages of Metal-Poor Stars in S-PLUS

Metal-poor stars are key to our understanding of the early stages of chemical evolution in the Universe. New multi-filter surveys, such as the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), are greatly advancing our ability to select low-metallicity stars. In this work, we analyse the chemodynamical properties and ages of 522 metal-poor candidates selected from the S-PLUS data release 3. About 92% of these stars were confirmed to be metal-poor ([Fe/H] $\leq -1$) based on previous medium-resolution spectroscopy. We calculated the dynamical properties of a subsample containing 241 stars, using the astrometry from Gaia Data Release 3. Stellar ages are estimated by a Bayesian isochronal method formalized in this work. We analyse the metallicity distribution of these metal-poor candidates separated into different subgroups of total velocity, dynamical properties, and ages. Our results are used to propose further restrictions to optimize the selection of metal-poor candidates in S-PLUS. The proposed astrometric selection ($\mathrm{parallax}>0.85$ mas) is the one that returns the highest fraction of extremely metal-poor stars (16.3% have [Fe/H] $\leq -3$); the combined selection provides the highest fraction of very metal-poor stars (91.0% have [Fe/H] $\leq -2$), whereas the dynamical selection (eccentricity > 0.35 and diskness < 0.75) is better for targetting metal-poor (99.5% have [Fe/H] $\leq -1$). Using only S-PLUS photometric selections, it is possible to achieve selection fractions of 15.6%, 88.5% and 98.3% for metallicities below $-$3, $-$2 and $-$1, respectively. We also show that it is possible to use S-PLUS to target metal-poor stars in halo substructures such as Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus, Sequoia, Thamnos and the Helmi stream.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures. To be published in MNRAS main journal (accepted 15-may-2023

ARRAÇOAMENTO DE SILAGEM NA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE BOVINOS EM FASE SECA

Introdução: Na época de escassez de pasto (no período de seca, com baixa oferta de capim para o gado) alternativa é suprir o cocho com forragens armazenadas em forma de silagem o milho e o sorgo têm sido os alimentos mais utilizados para produção de silagem devido à facilidade de cultivo e alta qualidade da silagem, que dispensa o uso de aditivos, Aumenta a produtividade do gado, assegurando o fornecimento de forragem, especialmente durante o período de estiagem em áreas secas e no inverno em áreas frias. O produtor pode se programar e já iniciar a silagem no período das águas, para quando a seca chegar não ter muitos problemas com os custos, já que a validade de armazenamento, dependendo dos ingredientes que foram utilizados, é de um ano. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o aumento de produção de bovinos leiteiros e de corte na época seca, suplementados com silagem. Metodologia: O experimento foi realizado entre março e julho de 2021 em João Pinheiro - MG. Será avaliado a qualidade da silagem pela análise bromatológica, com as seguintes variáveis: Matéria Seca (MS) da silagem, Fibras (FDN, FDA), Proteína bruta, teores de óleo, material mineral e depois a resposta dos animais a suplementação. Considerações: A silagem e seus valores energéticos têm validado grades resultados na produção, portanto, a extração de planta inteira é a principal fonte de volumoso utilizado para condicionar os animais no período de escassez de pastagens, dando ênfase a importância do manejo da silagem para suprir os períodos críticos de pastos no qual afetam muito a qualidade de vida do animal, com isso consequentemente a sua produção, na seca pode salvar muitos rebanhos, quanto melhor o processamento, melhor será o aproveitamento do animal, maior ganho de peso e maior produção de leite, o que ficou efetivado em nossa avaliação inicial e ainda em andamento

Emprego de processos oxidativos avançados na degradação de uma mistura de corantes têxteis: avaliação de parâmetros de reação, estudo cinético, toxicidade e modelagem por redes neurais artificiais

Organic contaminants in industrial effluents threaten the quality of water resources, especially due to their resistance to natural degradation. The textile industry gain relevance, considering that it generates large volumes. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the degradation of the mixture textile dyes in solution. After optimization of the main parameters involved in the applied processes and systems, the AOP with greater efficiency in the degradation of the compounds was the photo-Fenton/UV-C (92%) after 360 min of treatment. The experimental data showed a better fit to the Chan and Chu kinetic model and trough an evaluation using artificial neural networks it was possible to predict the maximum degradation achievable by the dye mixture. The toxicity assays, using multiple species of seeds indicated a treated solution with no toxic effects and that the applied methodology can be used without affecting the water resources.Contaminantes orgânicos em efluentes industriais ameaçam a qualidade dos recursos hídricos por apresentarem resistência à degradação natural. Neste sentido, a indústria têxtil ganha relevância, pois é responsável pela geração de grandes volumes de efluentes líquidos. O presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência de diferentes processos oxidativos avançados (POA) para degradação de uma mistura de corantes têxteis em solução. Após testes de eficiência e otimização dos principais parâmetros envolvidos nos processos e sistemas aplicados, o POA que apresentou maior eficiência na degradação dos compostos foi o foto-Fenton/UV-C (92%) de degradação após 360 min. Os dados experimentais do POA foto-Fenton/UV-C apresentaram melhor ajuste ao modelo de Chan e Chu e através da avaliação matemática usando rede neural artificial foi possível prever a degradação máxima da mistura de corantes. O estudo de toxicidade com sementes indicou que a solução tratada não possui efeitos tóxicos, podendo o tratamento proposto ser utilizado sem afetar recursos hídricos

Booklet and Motivational Interviewing to Promote Self-efficacy in Parents/Caregivers of Children with Asthma:A Clinical Trial

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood which accounts for numerous annual hospitalizations due to a lack of management and proper management of the disease. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using an educational booklet with or without combination with motivational interviewing (MI) on the self-efficacy of parents/caregivers in the control and management of childhood asthma. Methods: A clinical trial was carried out with 86 parents/caregivers of children with asthma aged between 2 and 12 years who were followed up in primary health care units from March 2019 to December 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one of the groups read the booklet and the other read the booklet combined with the MI. The Brazilian version of the Self-Efficacy and Their Child’s Level of Asthma Control scale was applied before and 30 days after the intervention for assessment of self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and R 3.6.3 software. P values&lt;0.05 were considered significant. Results: There were 46 participants in the booklet group and 40 in the booklet and MI group. Both groups were effective in increasing total self-efficacy scores after the intervention (P&lt;0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the scores of the two groups (P=0.257). Conclusion: The educational booklet with or without combination with MI can increase the self-efficacy of parents/caregivers of children with asthma. The findings could be considered by healthcare providers for the empowerment of caregivers of children with asthma in the control and management of their children’s asthma.</p