Tornay, Serge. — Les Fusils Jaunes. Générations et politique en pays nyangatom (Éthiopie). Paris-Nanterre, Société d’ethnologie, 2001, 303 p.

Cet ouvrage représente la synthèse des recherches ethnographiques que l’auteur a conduites depuis 1970 dans la basse vallée de l’Omo en Éthiopie. En 1989, il soutenait, sous la direction du regretté Éric de Dampierre, une thèse d’État qui mettait en évidence le système social des Nyangatom comme un système générationnel : une première dans les recherches africanistes françaises. Les Fusils Jaunes ne sont pas le résumé de cette thèse, mais un essai mûri après plusieurs retours sur le terrain a..

Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of nanodimensional iron–cobalt spinel oxides

Iron–cobalt spinel oxide nanoparticles, CoxFe3−xO4 (x = 1, 2), of sizes below 10 nm have been prepared by combining chemical precipitation with high-energy ball milling. For comparison, their analogues obtained by thermal synthesis have also been studied. The phase composition and structural properties of the obtained materials have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction and magnetization measurements. X-ray diffraction shows that after 1 h of mechanical treatment ferrites are formed. The measurement techniques employed indicate that longer milling induces an increase in crystal size while crystal defects decrease with treatment time. Magnetization and reduction properties are affected by the particles size, the iron/cobalt ratio and the synthesis conditions

Familial and Clinical Correlates in Depressed Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder Traits

Introduction: Chart review is a low-cost, but highly informative, method to describe symptoms, treatment and risk factors associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and to adapt screening and intervention to clinical reality. Previous chart review studies report more aggressiveness/anger and psychotic features in youths with BPD. They show that adverse family environment and parental psychopathology constitute important factors for BPD pathology. Objectives: To examine clinical characteristics of depressed BPD adolescents (12-17 years old) outpatients according to gender and to explore variables which are associated with BPD traits. Methods: A retrospective chart review using the Child and Adolescent Version of the Retrospective Diagnostic Instrument for Borderlines was conducted on 30 depressed BPD adolescents with BPD traits and 28 non-BPD depressed patients without BPD traits. Participants who reached the C-DIB threshold for BPD were included in the BPD traits group. The Child and Adolescent Version of the Retrospective Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines was used to determine the presence of BPD. Comparisons analyses were performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test. Associated factors were determined using regression analyses. Results: BPD traits participants outpatients were characterised by higher family problems (parental psychopathology, parent disagreement/argument, parent-child relational problem), more aggressive symptoms, and higher rates of family intervention and hospitalisation. A number of familial factors (parental history of delinquency, substance use, or personality disorders, having siblings, parental disagreement/argument in boys) were associated with BPD symptomatologytraits. Attention seeking and problematic functioning (does not adapt well to group activities) were also associated with BPD traits. Discussion: Our study stresses the need to assess BPD traits in adolescent psychiatric evaluation, especially in presence of aggressive behaviours, family problems and attention seeking. Our results also highlight the importance of exploring family characteristics intervention in adolescents with BPD traits

Safety assessment of the process Bangladesh Petrochemical Company, based on the Vacurema Prime technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials

[EN] The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) assessed the safety of the recycling process Bangladesh Petrochemical Company (EU register number RECYC246), which uses the Vacurema Prime technology. The input material is hot caustic washed and dried poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, including no more than 5% PET from non-food applications. The flakes are heated in a batch reactor (step 2) and then heated in a continuous reactor (step 3) before being extruded into pellets. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that step 2 and step 3 are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these steps are temperature, pressure and residence time. The Panel concluded that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 mu g/kg food. Therefore, the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Safety assessment of the process Bangladesh Petrochemical Company, based on the Vacurema Prime technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials. EFSA Journal. 20(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.736011420

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of lactic acid to reduce microbiological surface contamination on carcases from kangaroos, wild pigs, goats and sheep

[EN] Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of lactic acid to reduce microbiological surface contamination from carcases of wild game (i.e. kangaroos and wild pigs) and small stock (i.e. goats and sheep) before chilling at the slaughterhouse were assessed. Wild pig and kangaroo hide-on carcases may have been chilled before they arrive at the slaughterhouse and are treated after removal of the hides. Lactic acid solutions (2-5%) are applied to the carcases at temperatures of up to 55 degrees C by spraying or misting. The treatment lasts 6-7 s per carcass side. The Panel concluded that: [1] the treatment is of no safety concern, provided that the lactic acid complies with the European Union specifications for food additives; [2] based on the available evidence, it was not possible to conclude on the efficacy of spraying or misting lactic acid on kangaroo, wild pig, goats and sheep carcases; [3] treatment of the above-mentioned carcases with lactic acid may induce reduced susceptibility to the same substance, but this can be minimised; there is currently no evidence that prior exposure of food-borne pathogens to lactic acid leads to the occurrence of resistance levels that compromise antimicrobial therapy; and [4] the release of lactic acid is not of concern for the environment, assuming that wastewaters released by the slaughterhouses are treated on-site, if necessary, to counter the potentially low pH caused by lactic acid, in compliance with local rules.The CEP Panel wishes to thank the members of the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ): Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez-Ordonez, Marianne Chemaly, Robert Davies, Alessandra De Cesare, Lieve Herman, Friederike Hilbert, Konstantinos Koutsoumanis, Roland Lindqvist, Maarten Nauta, Giuseppe Ru, Marion Simmons and Elisabetta Suffredini for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion. In addition, the CEP Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Nikolaos Giannoulis (EFSA trainee).Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of lactic acid to reduce microbiological surface contamination on carcases from kangaroos, wild pigs, goats and sheep. EFSA Journal. 20(5):1-31. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.726513120

Safety assessment of the process Cajas y Palets en una Economia Circular (CAPEC), used to recycle high-density polyethylene and polypropylene crates for use as food contact materials

[EN] The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Cajas y Palets en una Economia Circular (CAPEC) (EU register number RECYC242). The input consists of crates made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) originating from closed and controlled product loops for the packaging of whole fruits and vegetables. Flakes or pellets are produced that will be used by manufacturers of new crates for food contact. The Panel considered that the management system put in place to ensure compliance of the origin of the input with Commission Regulation (EC) No 282/2008 and to provide full traceability from input to final product is the critical process step. It concluded that the input of the process CAPEC originates from product loops which are in closed and controlled chains designed to ensure that only materials and articles that have been intended for food contact are used and that contamination can be ruled out when run under the conditions described by the applicant. The recycling process CAPEC is therefore suitable to produce recycled HDPE and PP crates intended to be used in contact with fruits and vegetables.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Safety assessment of the process Cajas y Palets en una Economia Circular (CAPEC), used to recycle high-density polyethylene and polypropylene crates for use as food contact materials. EFSA Journal. 20(6):1-9. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.73841920