Skills and capabilities for a sustainable and circular economy: The changing role of design

Implementing practices for a circular economy transforms the way companies do business, notably in the manufacturing industry. However, a circular economy requires a transformation of both production and consumption systems; the standard approach for creation, fabrication, and commerce of products is challenged. Authors repeatedly call for the development of new proficiencies to attend to system transformations, but these so far have not been described for design and engineering. Given that the design of a product directly influences the way a value chain will be managed, building circular, globally sustainable value chains inevitably signifies a fundamental change in the practice of design. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on case studies from a variety of multinational enterprises that are transforming their product strategies for climate change. Changes in design processes were identified, revealing a growing necessity for industry to employ new proficiencies that support closure of material loops. This paper contributes to existing literature by depicting successful practices being implemented in industry. A variety of new capabilities are key to design for a sustainable future; these range from deeper knowledge of material composition to rich understanding of social behaviour. Resulting from this research, learning goals are proposed to serve as guidance for manufacturing companies seeking to tackle climate change. Conclusions aim to encourage researchers and academics to respond to emerging needs by re-thinking education in design and engineering

MORPHOLOGY AND INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF A CHANGING CONTINENTAL SHELF: GULF OF MORROSQUILLO

La adquisición de 50 perfles batimétricos con sus correspondientes transectos de alta resolución (ecosonda de transducto­res de 200 y 12 kHz) colectados en el marco del proyecto Eaft-Colciencias: "Geomorfología de la plataforma somera del Departamento de Córdoba y del Golfo de Morrosquillo", permitió mapear la morfología (batimetría, pendiente, aspecto y relieve) y arquitectura estratigráfca del subfondo de la plataforma continental interna (profundidades < 10m) del Gol­fo de Morrosquillo. Visualizada a partir de un mapa batimétrico elaborado con base en registros digitales de 200 kHz, la morfología de la plataforma interna del Golfo se presenta en su mayor extensión como una superfcie cóncava hacia arriba, predominantemente erosional, que alcanza las profundidades de 10 m a distancias entre 2 y 3.5 km de la línea de costa actual. En algunas zonas localizadas (por ejemplo en el sector noreste del área de estudio), los registros disponibles evidencian importantes anomalías positivas de relieve, aparentemente correspondientes a volcanes de lodo recientes con cúspides bien conservadas y diámetros del orden de las decenas de metros; estas anomalías podrían corresponder también a escarpes asociados a fallas con actividad reciente. Los registros de ecosonda de 12 kHz ofrecen una resolución vertical entre 30 y 80 cm y penetraron en muchos sectores hasta 5m por debajo de la superfcie del fondo, evidenciando numerosos rasgos erosionales y depositacionales cubiertos, incluyendo escarpes, discordancias angulares y paleocanales colmatados. Estas geoformas del fondo y subfondo evidencian una dinámica Holocena activa en extremo, con componentes tectónica y eustática importantes.   Palabras Clave: Plataforma continental, geofísica de alta resolución, Holoceno, Geomorfología de costas.      Acquisition of 50 bathymetry and high resolution profles (echosounder transducers of 200 and 12 Khz respectively) col-lected under the EAFIT-COLCIENCIAS project "Geomorphology of the shallow shelf of Departamento de Cordoba and Golfo de Morrosquillo" allowed mapping the morphology and stratigraphic architecture of the inner shelf (depths < 10 m) seafoor and sub-seafoor under Gulf of Morrosquillo. The morphology of the inner shelf, as depicted on a bathymetry map based on 200 kHz soundings, appears broadly as a concave up, largely erosive surface that reaches the 10 m isobath at distances of 2 and 3.5 km from the shoreline. At several localized sites (such as in the NE of the study area), echosounder data provide evidence of positive terrain anomalies, apparently corresponding to recent mud volcanoes of well preserved tops tens of meters across, or recently faulted. The 12 kHz records, which offer a vertical resolution of 30 to 80 cm, were able to penetrate 5 m below the seafoor at various places, and allowed recognition of several buried erosional and deposi-tional features including scarps, angular unconformities, and flled paleochannels. These seafoor and subseafoor features are evidence of an extremely active Holocene dynamics, with important eustatic and tectonic components.   Keywords: Continental shelf, high resolution Geophysics, Holocene, coastal geomorphology.               &nbsp

MORPHOLOGY AND INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF A CHANGING CONTINENTAL SHELF: GULF OF MORROSQUILLO

La adquisición de 50 perfles batimétricos con sus correspondientes transectos de alta resolución (ecosonda de transducto­res de 200 y 12 kHz) colectados en el marco del proyecto Eaft-Colciencias: "Geomorfología de la plataforma somera del Departamento de Córdoba y del Golfo de Morrosquillo", permitió mapear la morfología (batimetría, pendiente, aspecto y relieve) y arquitectura estratigráfca del subfondo de la plataforma continental interna (profundidades < 10m) del Gol­fo de Morrosquillo. Visualizada a partir de un mapa batimétrico elaborado con base en registros digitales de 200 kHz, la morfología de la plataforma interna del Golfo se presenta en su mayor extensión como una superfcie cóncava hacia arriba, predominantemente erosional, que alcanza las profundidades de 10 m a distancias entre 2 y 3.5 km de la línea de costa actual. En algunas zonas localizadas (por ejemplo en el sector noreste del área de estudio), los registros disponibles evidencian importantes anomalías positivas de relieve, aparentemente correspondientes a volcanes de lodo recientes con cúspides bien conservadas y diámetros del orden de las decenas de metros; estas anomalías podrían corresponder también a escarpes asociados a fallas con actividad reciente. Los registros de ecosonda de 12 kHz ofrecen una resolución vertical entre 30 y 80 cm y penetraron en muchos sectores hasta 5m por debajo de la superfcie del fondo, evidenciando numerosos rasgos erosionales y depositacionales cubiertos, incluyendo escarpes, discordancias angulares y paleocanales colmatados. Estas geoformas del fondo y subfondo evidencian una dinámica Holocena activa en extremo, con componentes tectónica y eustática importantes.   Palabras Clave: Plataforma continental, geofísica de alta resolución, Holoceno, Geomorfología de costas.      Acquisition of 50 bathymetry and high resolution profles (echosounder transducers of 200 and 12 Khz respectively) col-lected under the EAFIT-COLCIENCIAS project "Geomorphology of the shallow shelf of Departamento de Cordoba and Golfo de Morrosquillo" allowed mapping the morphology and stratigraphic architecture of the inner shelf (depths < 10 m) seafoor and sub-seafoor under Gulf of Morrosquillo. The morphology of the inner shelf, as depicted on a bathymetry map based on 200 kHz soundings, appears broadly as a concave up, largely erosive surface that reaches the 10 m isobath at distances of 2 and 3.5 km from the shoreline. At several localized sites (such as in the NE of the study area), echosounder data provide evidence of positive terrain anomalies, apparently corresponding to recent mud volcanoes of well preserved tops tens of meters across, or recently faulted. The 12 kHz records, which offer a vertical resolution of 30 to 80 cm, were able to penetrate 5 m below the seafoor at various places, and allowed recognition of several buried erosional and deposi-tional features including scarps, angular unconformities, and flled paleochannels. These seafoor and subseafoor features are evidence of an extremely active Holocene dynamics, with important eustatic and tectonic components.   Keywords: Continental shelf, high resolution Geophysics, Holocene, coastal geomorphology.               &nbsp

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters