Reference SLE Didactics Framework Proposal for Moroccan Middle School Teachers: Immunology as a Model

Abstract—Immunology, by the nature of its concept, is of considerable benefit for the translation of the objectives of health education and teaching of sciences of life and earth (SLE) namely, the formation of the scientific mind and the development of a scientific culture for the student. It is from this angle that a course in immunology has acquired its citizenship right in the Moroccan curriculum of the SLE of the 3rd year of middle school education. Having experienced a scientific revolution, immunology raises several didactic problems for teachers. Continuing training in SLE didactics applied to immunology could be considered as a tool for the professionalization of the teaching act. In this article, we have proposed a reference framework for SLE didactics modeled on immunology to be integrated into the continuous training of teachers. This framework includes a body of knowledge on various aspects related to the didactics of immunology. These include the historical-epistemological development of immunology, its status in the curriculum and representations of Moroccan students on the concept of immunity

Reference SLE Didactics Framework Proposal for Moroccan Middle School Teachers: Immunology as a Model

Abstract—Immunology, by the nature of its concept, is of considerable benefit for the translation of the objectives of health education and teaching of sciences of life and earth (SLE) namely, the formation of the scientific mind and the development of a scientific culture for the student. It is from this angle that a course in immunology has acquired its citizenship right in the Moroccan curriculum of the SLE of the 3rd year of middle school education. Having experienced a scientific revolution, immunology raises several didactic problems for teachers. Continuing training in SLE didactics applied to immunology could be considered as a tool for the professionalization of the teaching act. In this article, we have proposed a reference framework for SLE didactics modeled on immunology to be integrated into the continuous training of teachers. This framework includes a body of knowledge on various aspects related to the didactics of immunology. These include the historical-epistemological development of immunology, its status in the curriculum and representations of Moroccan students on the concept of immunity

The Sidi Moussa-Oualidia wetland complex A Bird Paradise between land and sea

The Sidi Moussa-Oualidia wetland complex is a unique natural ecosystem of significant national and international importance, as designated by the Ramsar Convention. Located in the Moroccan Atlantic zone between El Jadida and Oualidia, this wetland fulfils many functions. The most important are the rich biodiversity, ecological, hydrological, and economic functions are the most important. Regular censuses, carried out during winter between 1993 and 2022 in the Sidi Moussa-Oualidia lagoon complex, made it possible to determine the composition of the waterbird population that frequents this site and to define the status of the various encountered species. Emphasis was also made on the value of this complex, particularly for breeding, based on monitoring work and our unpublished observations. Ninety-six (96) species frequented the site, 51 of which are regular. Waders represent the most dominant group, followed by Laridae and Anatidae. The remaining groups, poorly represented in numbers, total some 29 species, of which twelve (12) are accidental or rare, and nine (9) are mainly observed outside the wintering period. However, some species are particularly interesting, such as the Greater Flamingo, the Eurasian Spoonbill, and the Red-knobbed Coot. Of the 51 regular species in the site, 16 are breeding ones, including species classified as threatened or near-threatened on the global red list (Marbled Teal, Ferruginous Duck) and others considered threatened in Morocco (Purple Swamphen, Red-crested Pochard), rare (Little Tern) or remarkable (Red-knobbed Coot). Despite this ornithological richness, the site is subject to multiple constraints. Creating a specific administrative structure similar to an 'Agency for the development of the Sidi Moussa-Oualidia complex' could be a potential solution for the control, rational management, and sustainable local development

Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Urban Wastewater Effluent and its Impact on the Receiving Environment: Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Oued Nfifikh is among the least studied Moroccan rivers. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to shed light on the quality of this undervalued stream. Its downstream part is affected by one of the most crucial environmental issues. It receives the discharges of wastewater evacuated precariously without prior treatment, which might lead to the degradation of the overall ecological status of this fluvial hydrosystem. This research work aimed to study the physicochemical water quality downstream the river Nfifikh through a monthly monitoring of the physicochemical parameters’ indicator of pollution, from August 2018 to July 2019. The results obtained show that the stream is exposed to high pollution which is mainly organic. Consequently, the wastewater represents a major cause of water quality degradation of this receiving environment: ecological and health impacts are therefore to be expected

Geographical, Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Wintering Eurasian Spoonbills (

Investigating habitat selection and ecological factors trade-offs is a major avian ecology topic which is closely implicated for conservation purposes. Studies dealing with the impacts of ecological factors on wintering Spoonbills are overall scarce. Here, we used Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to test the relevance of geographical, environmental and anthropogenic factors in predicting the occupancy and abundance of the Eurasian spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia) during 2008-2011 within 28 Moroccan wetlands. The Eurasian Spoonbill mean annual occurrence was 59.2% (± 1.5% SE; 95%CI: 56.3%-62.1%). Among the occupied wetlands, 15 (83.3%) were regularly occupied. We found that the Eurasian spoonbill occurrence was negatively related to distance to coastline, altitude and human presence, whereas its abundance increased significantly with increasing mudflat areas. These findings highlight the significant effect of human presence in selecting wintering sites, but not in the prediction of abundance. Management strategies should therefore address specific attributes of coastal wetlands and should carefully consider the effects of habitat use especially those related to mudflats. We further suggest guidelines for future studies to understand the dynamic of Eurasian spoonbills wintering in the region

Inventaire des petits vertébrés terrestres du centre du Maroc

International audienc

Identification moléculaire et histoire phylogéographique et démographique des musaraignes du Maroc septentrional

International audienc

Inventaire des petits mammifères des régions anthropisées et naturelles du Maroc central et côtier

National audienceLes régions littorales et centrales du Maroc sont caractérisées par une augmentation importante des zones urbaines et touristiques impliquant la dégradation des environnements naturels. Ces stress anthropiques et l’augmentation de l’agriculture intensive dans ces régions peuvent provoquer des dégâts importants sur la biodiversité native des petits mammifères très inféodés au milieu local. Afin de faire un constat de l’évolution des communautés de petits mammifères de ces zones, nous avons effectué dans le cadre du projet MOHMIE plusieurs campagnes de piégeage en avril, juillet, novembre 2010 et en avril 2011. Ainsi nous avons échantillonné 17 localités dans des zones anthropisées et 6 dans des aires protégées. Pour un total de 6297 nuits pièges, nous avons récolté 954 spécimens appartenant à 4 ordres (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Rodentia, Macroscelidea) et à 11 espèces. Nous passerons en revue les caractéristiques fauniques de chaque type d’habitat et les différences existant entre les communautés en fonction du type de pression anthropique (élevage, agriculture, tourisme) ainsi que des gradients climatiques et géographiques. Nous comparerons ces résultats aux données de la littérature et rechercherons d’éventuels indices de diversité exploitables pour les analyses paleoécologiques des sites Pléistocènes de la région de Témara