105 research outputs found
Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial
To examine whether four pre-selected front-of-pack nutrition labels improve food purchases in real-life grocery shopping settings, we put 1.9 million labels on 1266 food products in four categories in 60 supermarkets and analyzed the nutritional quality of 1,668,301 purchases using the FSA nutrient profiling score. Effect sizes were 17 times smaller on average than those found in comparable laboratory studies. The most effective nutrition label, Nutri-Score, increased the purchases of foods in the top third of their category nutrition-wise by 14%, but had no impact on the purchases of foods with medium, low, or unlabeled nutrition quality. Therefore, Nutri-Score only improved the nutritional quality of the basket of labeled foods purchased by 2.5% (â0.142 FSA points). Nutri-Scoreâs performance improved with the variance (but not the mean) of the nutritional quality of the category. In-store surveys suggest that Nutri-Scoreâs ability to attract attention and help shoppers rank products by nutritional quality may explain its performance
Blunted muscle angiogenic training-response in COPD patients versus sedentary controls
International audienceThe impaired skeletal muscle of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients reduces exercise capacity. Similar to the oxidative muscle fibres, the angio-adaptation of muscle to training may be blunted in these patients, as in other chronic conditions. We therefore compared muscle functional responses and angio-adaptations after training in COPD patients and sedentary healthy subjects (SHS). 24 COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 45.6ÂĄ17.5% predicted) and 23 SHS (,150 min?week-1 of moderate-to-vigorous exercise) completed a 6-week rehabilitation programme based on individualised moderate-intensity endurance training. Histomorphological muscle analysis and measurements of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and anti-angiogenic thrombospondin (TSP)-1 were conducted before and after training. COPD patients and SHS showed improved symptom-limited oxygen consumption and muscle endurance, although improvements were lower in COPD patients (+0.96ÂĄ2.4 versus +2.9ÂĄ2.6 mL?kg-1 ?min-1 , p,0.05, and +65% versus +108%, p50.06, respectively). The capillary-to-fibre (C/F) ratio increased less in COPD patients than SHS (+16ÂĄ10% versus +37ÂĄ20%, p,0.05) and no fibre type switch occurred in COPD patients. The VEGF-A/TSP-1 ratio increased in COPD patients and SHS (+65% versus +35%, p,0.05). Changes in C/F and symptom-limited oxygen consumption were correlated (r50.51, p,0.05). In addition to a lack of fibre switch, COPD patients displayed a blunted angiogenic response to training
Biomphalaria alexandrina snails as immunogens against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice
Despite effective chemotherapy, schistosomiasis remains the second largest public health problem in the developing world. Currently, vaccination is the new strategy for schistosomiasis control. The presence of common antigenic fractions between Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate host provides a source for the preparation of a proper vaccine. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the nucleoprotein extracted from either susceptible or resistant snails to protect against schistosomiasis. The vaccination schedule consisted of a subcutaneous injection of 50 ”g protein of each antigen followed by another inoculation 15 days later. Analyses of marker enzymes for different cell organelles [succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase] were carried out. Energetic parameters (ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphate potentials, inorganic phosphate, amino acids and LDH isoenzymes) were also investigated. The work was extended to record worm and ova counts, oogram determination in the liver and intestine and the histopathological pattern of the liver. The nucleoprotein of susceptible snails showed reduction in worm and ova counts by 70.96% and 51.31%, respectively, whereas the nucleoprotein of resistant snails showed reductions of 9.67% and 16.77%, respectively. In conclusion, we found that the nucleoprotein of susceptible snails was more effective in protecting against schistosomiasis
A âmille-feuilleâ of silencing: Epigenetic control of transposable elements
International audienc
Etude pilote de la tolérance et de l'efficacité de l'association irinotecan-cisplatine dans le traitement des cancers de l'oesophage avancés
La prise en charge mĂ©dicale des cancers de l Ćsophage non opĂ©rables repose sur une radio-chimiothĂ©rapie concomitante exclusive associant 5-fluorouracile-cisplatine Ă la radiothĂ©rapie (Herskovic, 1992). Depuis, plusieurs essais thĂ©rapeutiques ont confirmĂ© ces rĂ©sultats, faisant de cette association le traitement de rĂ©fĂ©rence des cancers de l Ćsophage localement Ă©voluĂ©s ou inopĂ©rables, avec des taux de rĂ©ponses complĂštes de 47 Ă 59%. La recherche d'une meilleure rĂ©ponse locale, d'une rĂ©duction de l'extension mĂ©tastatique et des effets secondaires, a conduit Ă envisager de nouvelles associations de cytostatiques en conservant le principe d'une radio-chimiothĂ©rapie exclusive. L'Ă©tude de l'association irinotecan-cisplatine dans le traitement mĂ©dical exclusif de l Ćsophage localement Ă©voluĂ© ou mĂ©tastatique, s'inscrit donc dans cette dĂ©marche. Notre Ă©tude a Ă©valuĂ© la tolĂ©rance et l'efficacitĂ© de cette association chez 26 malades porteurs d'un cancer de l Ćsophage localement Ă©voluĂ© et ou mĂ©tastatique. L'inclusion de l'ensemble des malades a portĂ© sur une pĂ©riode globale de deux ans au sein de deux centres distincts. L'Ă©valuation de l'efficacitĂ© de l'association irinotecan-cisplatine retrouve un taux de rĂ©ponse complĂšte endoscopique et tomo-densitomĂ©trique de 62,5% (IC95% 29-96%). La toxicitĂ© principale observĂ©e Ă©tait une neutropĂ©nie grade III ou IV pour 35% des patients et une diarrhĂ©e grade III ou IV pour 20% des malades. L'ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats constitue un travail prĂ©liminaire et seront Ă confirmer par l'Ă©tude prospective multicentrique de phase II actuellement en cours.ROUEN-BU MĂ©decine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Affections dermatologiques d'enfants issus de l'adoption internationale : épidémiologie, complications et traitements (étude rétrospective clermontoise)
L'adoption internationale est en pleine expension dans de nombreux pays occidentaux. Une médecine d'adoption internationale a émergé depuis les années 90, pour répondre aux besoins de santé spécifiques de ces enfants. L'objectif de notre étude, rétrospective, menée de 2009 à 2011, dans la région Auvergne via la Consultation d'Orientation et de Conseils en Adoption, était de décrire les affections dermatologiques des enfants adoptés à l'internationale et leur contamination intrafamiliale. Cent quarante-deux enfants, venant essentiellement d'Haïti et d'Afrique, ont été inclus. Soixante-dix pour cent présentaient une ou plusieurs affections dermatologiques dont 55,60% étaient d'origine infectieuse. Les teignes étaient les plus fréquentes, suivies des molluscums contagiosum et de la gale. Il s'agissait de teignes trichophytiques (T.soudanense (n=9), T. tonsurans (n=5), T. violaceum (n=4)) qui se manifestaient, cliniquement, de multiples petites plaques squameuses. Un quart s'était compliqué de contamination intrafamiliale, prédominant chez la mÚre. Le taux de guérison sous terbinafine était de 90% et sous griséfuline de 71%. Ont été diagnostiquées 10 gales dont deux contaminations intrafamiliales. Un enfant présentant un impétigo des jambes et un portage nasal staphylococcique PVL + a contaminé son pÚre sous la forme d'une furonculose récidivante et bursite du genou. Nos données suggÚrent une plus forte prévalence de certaines dermatoses cutanées infectieuses chez ces enfants avec un risque de transmission aux familles. Méconnues chez les enfants d'origine française, leur diagnostic est parfois difficile, nécessitant une expertise spécialisée. Une standardisation des pratiques est indispensable pour une prise en charge optimale.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocSudocFranceF
DNA methylation in an intron of the IBM1 histone demethylase gene stabilizes chromatin modification patterns
International audienc
Vers une prise en charge des troubles cognitifs des patients atteints de cancer
International audienc
1.6. Lâalimentation de lâenfant et de lâadolescent
A. DĂ©veloppement et apprentissage Loin dâĂȘtre un acte innĂ© et banal, manger sâapprend. Lâenfant doit diversifier son alimentation afin de subvenir Ă sa condition dâomnivore. GrĂące Ă son formidable potentiel dâĂ©volution, il parvient, Ă force dâexpĂ©riences rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es avec les aliments de sa culture consommĂ©s en contexte social, Ă Ă©largir son rĂ©pertoire de consommation. Bien que cet apprentissage se dĂ©roule dans des contextes culturels spĂ©cifiques, il repose sur des principes universels qu..
Could the orthopaedic surgeon deployed in austere setting perform flaps on the leg?
The orthopaedic military surgeons deployed in operations are led to perform soft tissue coverage on the lower limb. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if flaps performed by surgeonsâ non-specialist in reconstructive surgery are associated with good outcome. All patients operated for a flap on the leg in French Forward Surgical Team deployed in theatre of operations between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-nine patients were included, for a total of 54 flapsâ procedures. Indications were open fractures in 25 cases and osseous infections in 29 cases. No flap was performed on French soldiers. All the flaps were pedicle. Outcome was favourable for more than 90% of flaps with no statistical difference between muscular and fasciocutaneous flap and with regard to the indication. In conclusion, an orthopaedic surgeon deployed in austere setting with significant good outcome can perform reconstructive surgery with legsâ flaps
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