Reflect on this!

In this article we reflect on reflection. To do this, we share examples of pedagogic approaches used in undergraduate performance programmes at York St John University that re-situate reflective practice within creative practice. For example, we explore the creative, multimodal use of a catalogue document that two of the authors used to encourage students to reflect as part of the B.A. (Hons) Theatre level 2 modules entitled performing the self & artist as witness. These modules aim to encourage students to consider themselves in some sense auteurs of themselves and their art practice. The case study illustrates that we need to go beyond the familiar if we are to be reflexive about the role of reflection in creative practice education

A Pressure Transducer Using Field Emitter Arrays

A new pressure sensing device using field emission from diamond coated silicon tips has been developed. A high electric field applied between a nano-tip array and a diaphragm configured as electrodes produces electron emission governed by the Fowler - Nordheim equation. The electron emission is very sensitive to the separation between the diaphragm and the tips, which is fixed at an initial spacing and bonded such that a cavity is created between them. Pressure applied to the diaphragm decreases the spacing between the electrodes, thereby increasing the number of electrons emitted. Silicon has been used as a substrate on which arrays of diamond coated sharp tips have been fabricated for electron emission. Also, a diaphragm has been made using wet orientation dependent etching. These two structures were bonded together using epoxy and tested. Current - voltage measurements were made at varying pressures for 1 - 5 V biasing conditions. The sensitivity was found to be 2.13 mVN/psi for a 20 x 20 array, which is comparable to that of silicon piezoresistive transducers. Thinner diaphragms as well as alternative methods of bonding are expected to improve the electrical characteristics of the device. This transducer will find applications in many engineering fields for pressure measurement

How Will Tobacco Farmers Respond to the Quota Buyout? Findings from a Survey of North Carolina Tobacco Farmers

The tobacco quota buyout is expected to have significant impacts on U.S. tobacco markets, farmers, tobacco-dependent communities, and public health. Using data from four surveys of a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers conducted between 1997 and 2004, we investigate changing farmer attitudes towards and intentions following a quota buyout.Crop Production/Industries,

Tourism and rural development: the mountain districts of Andalusia, Spain

Studies of tourism in southern European countries have centred on the spectacular rise of international coastal tourism. Rural tourism has taken the form of a mass summer migration both of returning emigrants and of city dwellers, the latter favouring upland areas to escape summer heat. Enquiries were made in the town halls of 150 municipalities in eight upland areas of Andalusia and three types of rural tourism were identified. Peripheral tourism, overwhelmingly domestic in character, is correlated significantly with distance from large cities, and three distinct concentric zones were noted, in which new second homes, old second homes and rented accommodation predominate with increasing distance from the city. Non-peripheral tourism evolves in a more concentrated manner in areas remote from large cities; it is related much more strongly to the inherent characteristics of the region. Coastal hinterland tourism reflects characteristics of both the above types. Dynamic models of each type are developed by simulating the outward diffusion of tourism zones from a city or tourism nucleus. Interviews were also held with 259 inhabitants in 19 municipalities. All these villages have an uneconomic, declining agricultural base, and tourism was seen locally as the greatest hope for the future. However, there is little evidence to suggest that tourism has benefitted the rural economy; peripheral tourism in particular can be seen as the expansion of 'urban colonialism', not rational regional development. Interviews with 25 second home owners near Seville revealed only superficial contact with the rural economy. Given the certainty of a continued rise in rural tourism demand, the need for planning is highlighted. Specific tourism growth centres and conservation areas are suggested, as well as ways of combining tourism, agriculture and industry; however, the key to successful rural development lies in encouraging local initiative and regional identity

Seasonal Occurrence of the Sod Webworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Ohio

While nearly 100 species of sod webworms are known to occur in North America, the species complex and seasonal occurrence of these moths has been documented in relatively few states. For Ohio, there is little published record of the sod webworm species complex, and the seasonal occurrence of only a few economically important species has been documented. Using black light traps, sod web worm adult flight activity was monitored over the course of three to five years at four different locations throughout Ohio. In this paper we report the seasonal occurrence of sod web worms species captured at these locations. These data provide a historical benchmark of sod web­worm species diversity, local abundance, and seasonal occurrence in Ohio

Authenticating Turkey Red Textiles through Material Investigations by FTIR and UHPLC

Nineteenth-century Turkey red, a cotton textile dyed by a peculiar and unique process, is found in many collections around the world. It was known for its bright colour and remarkable fastness to light exposure and washing. Light fading is a significant concern in the display of historical textiles, and understanding more about the properties of these objects may increase the accessibility of collections. This research explored the identification of historical Turkey red through non-invasive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect the presence of oil – a necessary step in the process – on the fibres. Around 1869, Turkey red dyers began to transition from using madder and garancine to synthetic alizarin, which was investigated through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The chemical profiles of 19th-century samples and references of known dye source were used to predict whether Turkey red of unknown date was dyed with natural or synthetic dye