Preventing Enamel Demineralization Using Propolis Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnishes: A Comparison

  Introduction: Soft drink are one of the most frequently consumed beverages that can cause enamel demineralization, with a pH ranging from 1 to 4. The use of fluoride varnishes in clinical dentistry is the most common and favored method of countering this process, and the newest innovation made from natural substances is propolis fluoride. Objective: To compare the enamel structures of samples treated with propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride after being demineralized by carbonated liquid. Methods: Twenty-seven permanent premolar teeth were equally divided into three groups for treatment. One group received propolis fluoride, one received sodium fluoride, and the control group was not treated. The samples were exposed to 5% acetic acid for 20 minutes and subsequently varnished with fluoride. The samples were then exposed to Fusayama’s artificial saliva for 30 minutes, followed by a carbonated liquid for 1 hour. The samples were analyzed with an EDX or the quantitative analysis and a SEM was used to photograph the surfaces of all the samples to compare them qualitatively. Results: The percentage of the fluoride element inside the enamel surfaces from the EDX showed no significant differences between any of the groups (P ≥ 0.05), although the control group showed differences in the enamel surface structure compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride have the same effectivity in inhibiting enamel demineralization by carbonated drinks

COMPARISON OF THREE BIOCERAMIC SEALERS IN TERMS OF DENTINAL SEALING ABILITY IN THE ROOT CANAL

Objective: The main objective of endodontic treatment is to prevent further infection or reinfection by eliminating microorganisms within theroot canal system. Proper endodontic treatment could prevent apical and coronal penetration of fluids and microorganisms. Endodontic sealer isvital components of root canal obturation to establish a fluid-tight seal. Bioceramic-based root canal sealers are considered to be an advantageoustechnology in endodontics and have been found to be both biocompatible and comparable to other commercial sealers. The aim of this study was tocompare the adhesion of three bioceramic sealers within the root canal system.Methods: Endodontically treated teeth were obturated using three types of bioceramic sealers and then divided into three groups. Specimens werethen observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the attachment distance was measured using ImageJ.Results: The three groups exhibited were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in dentinal sealing ability. Calcium phosphate silicate-basedsealer showed the highest sealing ability, followed by pure tricalcium silicate-based bioceramic sealers and then tricalcium silicate and resin-basedbioceramic sealers.Conclusion: The sealing ability of calcium phosphate silicate-based sealer is superior to that of both pure tricalcium silicate-based and tricalciumsilicate- and resin-based sealer

The effect of hyaluronic acid conditioned media on hDPSCs differentiation through CD44 and transforming growth factor-β1 expressions

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has the capability to influence dentin niche which is important in regenerative process. The CD44 as a specific receptor of HA was found to be related to dentin mineralization process. Meanwhile, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has a vital role in the transition from proliferation into the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cell human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to become odontoblast cells and dentin mineralization. This study aims to analyzed HA's effect on dentin mineralization through CD44 and TGF-β1 expressions. Stem cells were cultured in four different supplemented conditioned media (control, +10 μg/mL, +20 μg/mL, and + 30 μg/mL of HA). Evaluation of CD44 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry and TGF-β1 was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. Qualitative result using Alizarin red test after 21 days was done to confirm the formation of mineralization nodules. It was shown that HA expression of CD44 and TGF-β1 on hDPSCs were higher in AH groups compared to the control group and 30 μg/mL HA induced the highest TGF-β1 expression on hDPSCs. Alizarin red test also showed the highest mineralization nodules in the same group. Therefore, from this study, we found that supplemented 30 μg/mL of HA was proved in initiating hDPSCs differentiation process and promote dentin mineralization