The Expropriation Game: Minority Shareholders' Protection

Many Hong Kong companies, including listed companies, are controlled by a small group of shareholders with family ties. The inadequacy of the law has made it possible for controlling shareholders to expropriate corporate assets by using complex corporate structures to the detriment of minority shareholders. This article analyses the inadequacy of the law on the appointment of directors, self-dealing and shareholder legal remedies, and the current proposals for legislative reform. Drawing on the experience of some Western European countries where dominant shareholding is also a strong feature, it argues that such problems can be overcome by having a system of law and regulation which provides adequate shareholder protection and effective enforcement of such law.published_or_final_versio

Technical principles of computed tomography in patients with congenital heart disease

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography are often the primary imaging techniques for many patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, with modern generations of CT systems and recent advances in temporal and spatial resolution, cardiac CT has been gaining an increasing reputation in the field of cardiac imaging and in the evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease. The CT imaging protocol depends on the suspected cardiac defect, the type of previous surgical repair, and the patient’s age and level of cooperation. Various strategies are available for reducing radiation exposure, which is of utmost importance particularly in paediatric patients. A sequential segmental analysis is a commonly used approach to analysing congenital heart defects. Familiarity of the performing radiologist with dedicated CT protocols, the complex anatomy, morphology and terminology of CHD, as well as with the surgical procedures used to correct congenital abnormalities is a prerequisite for correct diagnosis

Uncharted waters: rare and unclassified cardiomyopathies characterized on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has undergone considerable technology advances in recent years, so that it is now entering into mainstream cardiac imaging practice. In particular, CMR is proving to be a valuable imaging tool in the detection, morphological assessment and functional assessment of cardiomyopathies. Although our understanding of this broad group of heart disorders continues to expand, it is an evolving group of entities, with the rarer cardiomyopathies remaining poorly understood or even unclassified. In this review, we describe the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of several of the rare/unclassified cardiomyopathies and their appearance on CMR

The mediating role of psychological contract breach in IS outsourcing: Inter-firm governance perspective

10.1057/ejis.2012.41European Journal of Information Systems225529-54