Protective Effect of Abutilon indicum L. (Malvaceae) Against Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective antineoplastic agent in the treatment of solid malignant tumors. But, Its clinical use is limited because of various side effects including sensorineural hearing loss. Several agents have been proposed to reduce these side effects.  The present study reported that the etanolic extract of Abutilon indicum scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a reduction of lipid peroxidation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate EEAI's efficacy as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Albino wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into five treatment groups: 1) animals administered 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution (5ml/kg, p.o) – control sroup(Group I), 2) animals administered 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution (5ml/kg, p.o) + 6 mg/kg via the                                               i.p route of Cisplatin (Group II), 3) animals received Cystone (5ml/kg, p.o) [Standard] (Group III), 4) animals received 200 mg/kg EEAI suspended in 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution, p.o + 6 mg/kg, i.p of cisplatin (Group IV), 5) animals received 400 mg/kg EEAI suspended in 2% v/v aqueous tween 80 solution, p.o 6 mg/kg, i.p of cisplatin (Group V). The protective effect of EEAI on CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by means of measurement of serum BUN and creatinine and histopathological examination of the kidney. There were significant differences in serum BUN and creatinine levels between control Group and cisplatin treated Groups. The result suggested that EEAI at 200 and 400mg/kg administered 7 days before cisplatin treatment significantly prevented the increase of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total proteins, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin concentrations and markedly decreased cisplatin-induced renal damage as confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological studies. In the present study, Key words:Antioxidants, Cisplatin, nephrotoxiciity, Abutilon indicu

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ABUTILON INDICUM L. (MALVACEAE) AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Acetaminophen overdose can cause nephrotoxicity with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms. The effects of ethanolic extract of Abutilon Indicum[200 mg per kg of body weight (mg/kg) and 400 mg/kg] on Acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity were evaluated. Rats were divided into five groups containing 6 rats each. The control group received distilled water while other groups were treated with extract alone (400 mg/kg), Acetaminophen alone (750 mg/kg), 750 mg/kg Acetaminophen+200 mg/kg extract (Acetaminophen+ 200-extract), and 750 mg/kg Acetaminophen+400 mg/kg extract (Acetaminophen+400-extract), respectively, for seven consecutive days. The EEAI was given orally concurrent with oral administration of Acetaminophen Treatment with EEAI at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg prevented the Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative impairments of the kidney, as evidenced by a significantly reduced (P<0.05) level of Serum creatinine, BUN, serum alkaline phosphatase, Serum uric acid, serum total proteins and total cholesterol. The nephroprotective effects of EEAI were confirmed by a reduced intensity of renal cellular damage, as evidenced by histological findings. Moreover, EEAI administered at 400 mg/kg was found to show greater protective effects than that at 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, EEAI has a protective role against Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity and the process is probably mediated through its antioxidant properties.Key words: Antioxidants, Cisplatin, nephrotoxiciity, Abutilon indicu