FABRICATION OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN, INTERCALATED WITH MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES THROUGH SODIUM ALGINATE/POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE SEMI IPN MICROBEADS

Objective: The aim of the present work is to fabricate curcumin (CUR) encapsulated microbeads in the polymer matrix of sodium alginate (SA)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-co-vinyl acetate (PVP-co-VAc) intercalated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using glutaraldehyde (GA)/calcium chloride CaCl2 as the crosslinker. Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by a modified co-precipitation method. Curcumin encapsulated SA/PVP-co-VAc microbeads, intercalated with MNPs were prepared by simple ionotropic gelation technique. The formation of microbeads and uniform distribution of curcumin were characterized using spectroscopic methods. In addition, swelling and drug release kinetic studies of the microbeads were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies reveal that the peak at 181 °C of CUR was not observed in CUR loaded microbeads, which confirms that CUR was encapsulated at the molecular level in the polymer matrix. The X-Ray diffraction (X-RD) diffractograms of CUR shows 2Ө peaks between 12-28 °, which indicated the crystalline nature of CUR, these peaks are not found in CUR loaded microbeads, suggesting that the drug has been molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The X-RD 2Ө peaks of MNPs are observed in the MNPs loaded microbeads, which confirms that MNPs are successfully loaded in the microbeads. The swelling studies and in vitro release studies were performed at pH 1.2 and 7.4. The results reveal that at pH 7.4 highest swelling and release was observed, which confirms that the developed microbeads are pH sensitive and are suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release kinetics fit into the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, indicating non-Fickian diffusion. Conclusion: The results concluded that the present system as dependent on pH of the test medium and hence suggest suitability for intestinal drug delivery

SODIUM ALGINATE/GELATIN MICROBEADS-INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANOCLAY FOR EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY IN WILSON’S DISEASE

Objective: The aim of the present study was to fabricate and evaluate the drug release studies using Sodium Alginate (SA) and Gelatin (GE) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nanoclay for sustained release of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Methods: Sodium alginate/gelatin/Kaolin blend microbeads were prepared by an extrusion method by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The obtained microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD). Drug release kinetics of the microbeads was investigated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-RD reveals that the KA should be intercalated with the drug and also it confirms the molecular level dispersion of D-Penicillamine into microbeads. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the beads were in spherical shape with some wrinkled depressions on the surface. The in vitro release study indicates the D-Penicillamine released in a controlled manner. The in vitro release kinetics was assessed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and the ‘n’ value lies in between 0.557-0.693 indicates Non-Fickian diffusion process. Conclusion: The results suggest that the developed KA intercalated microbeads are good potential drug carrier for the controlled release of D-PA

Synthesis, Characterization and Drug delivery of Verapamil Hydrochloride loaded Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Beads

In the present research programme, Verapamil Hydrochloride loaded Sodium Alginate/Polyethylene oxide/Montmorillonite nanocomposite beads were prepared by using gelation method.   Sodium alginate (SA) and  Poly ethylene oxide (PEO) with different ratios were blended with different weight ratios of MMT solution. The nanocomposite beads were characterized Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (X-RD). FTIR was used to understand the hydrogen bonding between SA, PEO, MMT and drug. The X-RD studies were performed to understand the crystalline nature of drug after encapsulation into the beads. SEM was used to study the surface morphology of nanocomposite beads. In vitro studies were carried out in buffer media by using UV-vis spectroscopy(λmax-263nm) at pH 7.4. The Controlled drug release studies were observed upto 12hrs. Keywords: Sodium Alginate (SA), Poly ethylene oxide (PEO), Montmorillonite (MMT), Verapamil Hydrochloride (VPHCl), Nanocomposite beads  and Drug Deliver

Fabrication of Gelatin/Karaya gum blend microspheres for the controlled release of Distigmine bromide

This paper reports the fabrication of gelatin/karaya gum microspheres by emulsion crosslinking method for controlled release of distigmine bromide. The microspheres were crosslinked with the help of glutaraldehyde and used for controlled oral delivery of distigmine bromide. The obtained microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Drug release kinetics of the microspheres is investigated in simulated intestinal fluid pH 7.4 at 37oC. Results illustrated that microspheres was influenced by the pH of test mediums, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release kinetics was analyzed by evaluating the release data using different kinetic models. Keywords: Karaya Gum, Gelatin, microspheres, drug delivery

Emerging Novel Drug Delivery System for Control Release of Curcumin through Sodium Alginate/Poly(ethylene glycol) Semi IPN Microbeads-Intercalated with Kaolin Nanoclay

The aim of the present work is fabrication of Curcumin encapsulated microbeads from Sodium Alginate/Polyethylene Glycol/Kaolin using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker by simple ionotropic gelation technique. The developed microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of microbeads. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed uniform molecular dispersion of CUR in the microbeads. Encapsulation efficiency of CUR in microbeads was ranged from 40 to 49%. Dynamic swelling studies and in vitro release kinetics were performed in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37 oC. The results suggest that both swelling studies and cumulative release studies were depend on pH of the test medium, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The in vitro release data were analysed by using Korsmeyer peppas equation to compute the diffusion exponent (n); the results suggest that it followed non-Fickian diffusion. Keywords: Sodium Alginate, Polyethylene Glycol, Kaolin, Microbeads, Drug deliver

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PH-RESPONSIVE POLYMERIC MICROBEADS INTERCALATED WITH MONTMORILLONITE FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF DOXORUBICIN

Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop pH-responsive polymeric microbeads for controlled release of doxorubicin. Methods: Doxorubicin-encapsulated polymeric microbeads were developed by a simple ionotropic gelation method using sodium alginate, gum ghatti, and montmorillonite (MMT). In this work, we investigate the positive benefits of MMT mineral as a drug carrier for the controlled release of DOX. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the generated microbeads. The influence of hetero-ionic concentration on drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release from microbeads was examined. In vitro release and swelling studies were performed at pH 2.0 and 7.4 at 37°C. The cytotoxicity of the developed microbeads was studied using in vitro cultures of the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results: FTIR confirms the generation of microbeads and also the interaction between the polymer matrix, DOX and MMT clay. XRD analysis reveals the molecular dispersion of DOX and the presence of MMT in the polymeric matrix. SEM studies reveal the developed microbeads are spherical in shape with rough surfaces. Swelling and in vitro release studies are dependent on the pH of the test medium, which may be favorable for intestinal drug delivery. MTT results reveal that the developed microbeads showed good in vitro toxicity against MCF-7 cells. The drug release kinetics of the generated microbeads are followed by both the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the DOX-encapsulated microbeads are promising carriers for drug delivery applications. The fabricated microbeads further needs warrant for drug delivery application

SODIUM ALGINATE–LOCUST BEAN GUM IPN HYDROGEL BEADS FOR THE CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF NIMESULIDE-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the drug release studies using locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde for the controlled release (CR) of nimesulide, an anti-inflammatory drug.Methods: Locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) blend hydrogel beads were prepared by an extrusion method using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. Nimesulide an anti-inflammatory drug was encapsulation within LBG/NaAlg blend hydrogel beads. Morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency and drug release from these hydrogel beads were evaluated by different characterization techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (X-RD) studies.Results: Drug-loaded hydrogel beads were analyzed by FTIR, which indicates the interaction between drug and polymers. DSC thermograms on drug-loaded microbeads confirmed the polymorphism of nimesulide and indicated a molecular level dispersion of the drug in the hydrogel beads. SEM confirmed the spherical nature and rough surface of the hydrogel beads produced. X-RD study was performed to understand the crystalline nature of drug after encapsulated into the hydrogel beads and confirmed the complete dispersion of the drug in the polymer matrix. In vitro release studies conducted in pH-7.4 which indicated a dependence of release rate on the amount of drug loading and the amount of LBG/NaAlg, but slow release rates were extended up to 48 h. The cumulative release data were fitted to an empirical equation to compute diffusion exponent (n) which indicated the non-fickian trend for drug release.Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrated that the ability of these newly developed hydrogel beads containing nimesulide for its sustained release could possibly be advantageous to patient compliance with reduced dosing interval