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Not AvailablePresent paper describes the dynamics of bovine herpes virus-1(BoHV-1) in breeding cattle under different housing, feeding and watering practices. Organized breeding farms A, B, C, D were selected for this study. In farm A, the animals were housed in large open shed with common grazing and drinking area. Farm B had individual pens with separate feeding facility but with common watering/drinking facility. Farm C had had individual pens, with separate feeding and drinking facility for each animal. Farm D possessed modern individual housing system with separate feeding, drinking facility, restricted personnel entry and better bio-security set up. The blood and semen samples / vaginal swabs were collected from 177 animals. Avidin- biotin ELISA recorded BoHV-1 antibodies in 56, 38.77, 21.05 and 17.5% animals in farm A, B, C and D respectively. A TaqMan probe real time PCR targeting the BoHV-1 gB gene was standardised and this assay detected BoHV-1 in 11, 3 and 3 animals in Farm A, B and C respectively. None of the samples collected from Farm D were positive for BoHV-1 by real time PCR. The study recorded higher seroprevalence as well as virus transmission in farms that had housing systems allowing closer animal to animal contacts. In view of the different modes adopted by BoHV-1 in transmission through susceptible populations, the study recommends better bio-secured housing systems that avoid closer animal to animal contacts, for production of BoHV-1 free semen and calves at breeding stations.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe study describes genetic grouping and molecular epidemiology of bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) through cloning of partial glycoprotein B gene of BoHV-1 isolates, with special reference to isolates recovered from cattle breeding stations. Samples were collected from 212 animals (91 bulls and 121 female cattle). Avidin-biotin ELISA employed on serum samples found 74 animals as seropositive for BoHV-1. On inoculation of 212 semen/swab samples to MDBK cell line for virus isolation, samples of 4 seropositive and 5 seronegative animals yielded cytopathic changes characteristic of BoHV-1. Partial gB gene of these isolates were cloned in pGEM T vector, nucleotide sequences were deduced and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Sequence analysis grouped 5 of these isolates under BoHV-1.1 cluster having highest sequence identities with previously described Indian, European and Brazilian isolates of BoHV-1.1. The other 4 isolates were clustered as BoHV-1.2 subtypes having 100% sequence identity with European strain of BoHV- 1.2. We found that, apparently healthy, seronegative animals can be sources of BoHV-1, attributable to the unique pathogenesis/ latency of BoHV-1. This finding necessitates mandatory culling of breeding animals which are positive either in antigen detection or by serology, especially in countries which do not practice vaccination but report high seroprevalance of BoHV-1.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis study describes development of a TaqMan probe based real time PCR assay that can detect BoHV-1 of as low as 0.001 TCID50/0.1 ml in clinical samples, its comparative evaluation with indirect ELISA and virus isolation for detection of Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in semen and swab clinical samples. For this study, we collected samples from 212 animals (cattle and buffaloes) comprising 91 bulls and 121 females. Avidin-biotin ELISA employed on serum samples from 212 animals revealed 74 as seropositive for BoHV-1. On inoculation of semen/swabs on MDBK cell line, nine samples yielded cytopathic changes characteristic of herpes viruses. The isolates were confirmed by VNT and a conventional PCR. A real time PCR assay was standardised by designing a new set of TaqMan probe and primers targeting a 71 bp region on gB gene of the virus. The assay detected viral antigen in 21 seropositive and 14 seronegative animals, emphasizing the relevance of serology in BoHV-1 diagnosis, particularly in breeding stations. Further, real time PCR assay was 100 % sensitive and 87.19 % specific compared to virus isolation in detection of the BoHV-1 in clinical samples. The assay was validated at reputed national laboratories, with a sensitivity of ≥99 %.Not Availabl